a country's economic data indicates that there has been a substantial reduction in the financial capital available to private sector firms. which of the following most likely had the greatest influence on this economy?

If you were going to create a custom estimating table to estimate work (effort) and duration on individual tasks (activities), the following four columns would be useful:

Activity or Task Name: This column should include the names of all the activities or tasks involved in a project. This column should be used as the primary column for identification and sorting of activities or tasks.

Effort: This column should include the expected effort required to complete each activity or task. This can be expressed in any appropriate unit of measurement, such as hours or days.

Duration: This column should include the expected duration of each activity or task, expressed in the appropriate unit of measurement, such as hours or days.

Dependencies: This column should include any dependencies for each activity or task, indicating whether the activity or task can start or finish until its predecessor activity or task is completed. This column should help ensure that the project's critical path is properly defined and sequenced.

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Answer:

The marginal utility of consuming the seventh widget is 25.

What is marginal utility?

Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction a consumer obtains from the consumption of one additional unit of a good or service. To put it another way, marginal utility is the change in total utility resulting from consuming one more unit of a product or service.

Step-by-step explanation:

Marginal utility formula: MU = (ΔTU) / (ΔQ)

Where, MU = marginal utility

ΔTU = change in total utility

ΔQ = change in quantity

What is total utility?

Total utility is the sum of all the marginal utility obtained from consuming a given amount of a good or service, i.e. the overall satisfaction received from a consumer's consumption of a good or service. The overall satisfaction is assessed by the total utility. The formula for total utility is:

[tex]TU = (MU₁ + MU₂ + MU₃ + MU₄ + MU₅ + MUₙ) + initial satisfaction[/tex]

The following is a solution to the problem: Consume 6 widgets, and the total utility is 295.

[tex]TU₁ = 295[/tex]

Consume 7 widgets and the total utility is 320.

[tex]TU₂ = 320[/tex]

The marginal utility of consuming the seventh widget is 25.

[tex]MU = (ΔTU) / (ΔQ)MU[/tex]

[tex]= (TU₂ - TU₁) / (7 - 6)MU[/tex]

[tex]= (320 - 295) / 1MU = 25[/tex]

Therefore, the marginal utility of consuming the seventh widget is 25.

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In the following question, in the missing blank, Cassie became ill several hours after eating a meal consisting of plain mashed potatoes and spicy hot wings. She is more likely to develop a taste aversion to "spicy hot wings." This is an example of taste aversion.

What is taste aversion?Aversion therapy is a method that aims to link an unpleasant stimulus with a negative behavior to eliminate that behavior. Aversion therapy works by using a form of negative reinforcement. Aversion therapy has been used successfully to treat a variety of addictions and problems, including drug and alcohol abuse, gambling addiction, and tobacco use.

What are the reasons for taste aversion?Taste aversion is a psychological phenomenon that happens when someone associates the taste of a specific food or drink with symptoms caused by consumption of it. Because taste aversion is typically brought on by a negative experience with a particular meal, it is often linked to food poisoning, although it can also be triggered by motion sickness or other illnesses.A person who experiences nausea, stomach ache, or vomiting after eating a particular meal is more likely to develop an aversion to that food. Cassie, in this scenario, ate plain mashed potatoes and spicy hot wings and became ill several hours later. As a result, she is more likely to develop an aversion to the spicy hot wings. Therefore, Cassie is more likely to develop a taste aversion to spicy hot wings.

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In general, customers aim to maximize their meager spending power. Given their financial restrictions, they are attempting to maximize overall utility, or contentment.

What is goal of consumers?

Individuals choices of objectives are influenced by their unique histories, physical capabilities, prevailing cultural norms and values, and the accessibility of the goal in the physical and social surroundings. Customers may have a variety of objectives in mind while making choices. Economists use the assumption that customers have a set of likes or preferences that they utilize to help them decide between different products in order to explain consumer behavior. Individuals have very different preferences for these foods.

Consumers and corporations are two types of maximizers that economists pay particular attention to. We assume that businesses aim to maximize economic profit, which is the difference between total income and total cost, and that customers want to maximize utility.

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In the case of borrowing, people would desire to borrow the most when the nominal interest rate is 5% and the inflation rate is 1%.

People desire to borrow the most in cases where the nominal interest rate is lower than the inflation rate. The statement that supports this is given as follows:

When the nominal interest rate is lower than the inflation rate, people would desire to borrow the most because the interest rates of loans will decrease more quickly than the interest rates of savings accounts will decrease. The given options are as follows:

Therefore, option D where the nominal interest rate is 5% and the inflation rate is 1% is the correct option.

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Answer: The investment is worth $46,706.14.

To calculate this, use the formula PV = FV/(1+r)^n,

where:

   PV = present value

   FV = future value (2883 * 16 = 46,056)

   r = the interest rate (18.9%)

   n = the number of years (16)

So the calculation looks like this:

PV = 46,056/(1 + 0.189)16 = $46,706.14

Explanation: Given information:

Prediction: A company predicts they will make $2883 per year over the next 16 years if they spend $14115 on a machine (an asset with multi-year use).

MARR = 18.9%

Let the present worth (PW) of the investment be x.

Present worth (PW) of the investment = Sum of Present worth of all Cash inflows - Sum of Present worth of all Cash outflows

Present worth (PW) of the investment = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

As per the given information, PV of Cash outflows = Initial Investment = $14115PV of Cash inflows = Cash inflow per year x

Present worth factor16 years = n = number of years

MARR = i = 18.9% = 0.189

Cash inflow per year = $2883

Using the formula of the present worth factor, we get:

Present Worth Factor (PW) = $\frac{1 - (1 + i)^{-n}}{i}$

Substituting the given values,

Present Worth Factor (PW) = $\frac{1 - (1 + 0.189)^{-16}}{0.189}$

Present Worth Factor (PW) = 8.0134

Now, PV of Cash inflows = Cash inflow per year x Present worth factor

PV of Cash inflows = $2883 \times 8.0134$

PV of Cash inflows = $23,164.51$

Present worth (PW) of the investment = PV of Cash inflows - PV of Cash outflows

Present worth (PW) of the investment = $23,164.51 - $14,115.00

Present worth (PW) of the investment = $9049.51

Therefore, the present worth (PW) of the investment is $9049.51.

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Sole proprietorships are limited in their options for raising money. These options include B) financing using the proprietor's personal resources and C) financing the business through debt.

A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated company that is solely owned and controlled by one person who is legally responsible for all aspects of the company's business. Since there is no legal division between the individual and the company, the proprietor has full control over the business and is responsible for its profits and losses.

Most importantly, the sole proprietorship is an inexpensive and simple business structure, but it has limited options for financing.

The following are some of the options available to a sole proprietorship for raising money:

Thus, the options for raising money in a sole proprietorship include financing using the proprietor's personal resources and financing the business through debt.

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One way to measure the effectiveness of your content marketing strategy is by tracking and analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) that align with your business goals.

This involves identifying metrics that indicate the success of your content in engaging and converting your target audience.

Some common KPIs for content marketing include website traffic, page views, bounce rate, time on site, social media engagement, lead market generation, conversion rates, and customer retention. By regularly tracking these metrics, you can identify trends and make data-driven decisions to optimize your content strategy.

Additionally, it's important to regularly gather feedback from your audience through surveys, reviews, and social media comments to better understand their preferences and needs. This can help you tailor your content to better meet their expectations and drive more engagement and conversions.

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In the following question, among the given options, The correct answer is (b): Canada has an absolute advantage, relative to other countries, in producing hockey sticks. A decrease in the price of tomatoes will increase consumer surplus in the market for tomato sauce and decrease producer surplus in the market for spaghetti noodles.

Canada has an absolute advantage in producing hockey sticks because in Canada you can obtain a hockey stick by trading 5 baseball bats, whereas in other countries you can obtain a hockey stick by trading 8 baseball bats. This indicates that it is relatively easier and cheaper to produce hockey sticks in Canada than it is in other countries.

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The interval of days between the time an order is placed and the time it is delivered is commonly referred to as the "lead time".

This is an important metric in supply chain management, as it measures the time it takes for a product to move through the supply chain and reach the customer. Lead time can be affected by a variety of factors, including production time, transportation time, and inventory management. Understanding and managing lead time is critical for ensuring timely delivery of products to customers and maintaining a competitive edge in the marketplace.

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The largest participants in the trading of U.S. Government debt include domestic and foreign money center banks, as well as domestic and foreign broker-dealers. Therefore, the correct answer is option D (I, II, III, IV).

Government debt refers to the amount of money owed by a country's government to its creditors. It is typically used to finance projects, pay for public services, and cover deficits. Trading of U.S. Government debt involves participants who buy and sell these securities for a variety of reasons.

Some may be looking to profit from interest rate changes, while others may be using these investments to hedge against risk or for other strategic purposes. The largest participants in the trading of U.S. Government debt include domestic and foreign money center banks, as well as domestic and foreign broker-dealers.

These institutions have the financial resources, expertise, and technology needed to execute large, complex trades involving these securities.

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The total, or market, curve for a specific resource shows the various total amounts of the resource that firms will purchase or hire at various resource prices, other things being equal, and is called a supply curve.

supply curve: A supply curve is a graph that depicts the connection between the amount of a commodity that producers are willing to sell and the price of that commodity. A supply curve is the graphical representation of the law of supply, which claims that producers will produce and sell more of their product at higher prices than they will at lower prices. A supply curve for a particular commodity represents the various total amounts of that commodity that firms will provide at various prices for that commodity, with other things remaining equal. It is a graphical representation of a supply schedule.

Market curve: The market curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a product or service and the quantity of that product or service that consumers are willing to purchase at that price. It is also known as the demand curve. In a typical market, the demand curve slopes downward, which means that as the price of a product or service increases, the quantity demanded by consumers decreases, and vice versa.

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Focused differentiation is the process of matching each brand with the right business-level strategy. Therefore, the correct option is option 2.

A business-level strategy is a plan for how an organization intends to achieve its goals and objectives in a particular market or business sector. It's a competitive plan that specifies how a firm distinguishes itself from its rivals, how it can create value for its customers, and how it can outperform them in its particular market niche. A business-level strategy outlines how the company competes within its industry, while corporate-level strategy outlines how the company operates across multiple industries.

Focused differentiation is a competitive business-level strategy that concentrates on meeting the unique needs of a specific market segment. It involves the development of a brand image that is tailored to the demands and tastes of the target audience. Firms that follow this strategy use differentiation as their competitive advantage, concentrating their resources on a small but lucrative market niche.

They design products, services, and marketing programs that cater to the specific needs and preferences of this niche. Focused differentiation is less about price than about offering unique features that a customer is willing to pay a premium for, like excellent customer service, customization, or quality.

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A benchmark company is one that is widely regarded as the leader in its industry. Other businesses often benchmark themselves against this company's business procedures, policies, and practices in order to improve their own operations.

Pros:

1. It improves the company's image, reputation, and credibility by being recognized as the industry leader.

2. When a company is regarded as a benchmark company, it attracts high-quality employees and retains existing ones.

Cons:

1. Becoming a benchmark company may increase pressure on the company to maintain its high standards.

2. It might be challenging to identify and maintain the appropriate balance between innovation and growth.

As a manager of a tremendously successful business, the response to the following query is whether or not other businesses benchmark against the company will rely on a number of different aspects. Although being benchmarked by other companies might be flattering, it could also have a few drawbacks.

For example, other companies benchmarking against the firm might lead to a loss of competitive advantage as they may duplicate the company's procedures and practices. Furthermore, being benchmarked by rivals might expose the firm's intellectual property and reduce its exclusivity.

However, if a company feels confident in its own abilities and seeks to promote best practices across the industry, being a benchmark company could be advantageous. In any event, the decision to benchmark should be based on the company's specific business objectives, strategy, and internal readiness.

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eBay has been fined damages by a Paris commercial judge who ruled that eBay had not done enough to ensure goods sold on its web site around the world were not fake and unauthorized.

Online retailers are businesses that sell products and services online. Online retailers can be found on websites that sell anything from cars to clothes to electronics to insurance. Online retailers are usually more convenient to use than traditional retail stores because they offer customers a way to buy products from their homes without having to travel. They can be accessed from any device with internet connectivity. Some popular examples of online retailers are Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay.

eBay has been fined $63.2 million in damages for allowing fake and unauthorized goods to be sold through the online retailer. A Paris commercial judge ruled that eBay had not done enough to ensure goods sold on its web site around the world were not fake and unauthorized.

Therefore, eBay has been fined $63.2 million in damages for allowing fake and unauthorized goods to be sold through the online retailer.

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Allison thinks she has more power than the other party in a negotiation. As a result, she will probably use the distributive approach when she negotiates.

The distributive approach is a bargaining strategy in which the goal is to get as much of the available resources as possible. The resources are considered limited in this approach, and both parties compete to get their fair share. A distributive approach works well when there is a single issue to be resolved, and both parties' goals are diametrically opposed.

The distributive approach has several advantages, including saving time and reducing the need for information-sharing between parties. It also helps to create a clear understanding of the problem and reduces the likelihood of misunderstandings. On the other hand, the distributive approach may have some drawbacks, such as the tendency for the parties to become too competitive and create a win-lose situation. In the end, one party comes out ahead, while the other is at a loss.

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The market equilibrium price for two-bedroom apartments in Kansas City is currently $1,200. If the city government sets the price at $900, the market price for two-bedroom apartments will decrease to a lower price.

This means that local families may find it easier to afford two-bedroom apartments.

However, landlords may not be willing to accept the lower price, so the supply of apartments may decrease, causing the market to become less competitive.

If the city government sets the price for two-bedroom apartments in Kansas City at $900, which is below the market equilibrium price of $1,200, a housing shortage is likely to occur.

At the price of $900, there will be a higher demand for two-bedroom apartments than the supply that landlords are willing to offer.

The reason is that landlords would be earning less than they would in the free market at the equilibrium price of $1,200.

As a result, landlords would reduce the number of apartments they offer or not build new ones, resulting in a shortage of apartments.

Setting a price floor below the market equilibrium price will lead to a shortage of apartments and various other negative consequences, which may ultimately harm the goal of making apartment living more affordable for local families.

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Answer: Implicit costs 

Explanation:

Implicit costs are the opportunity costs of production that do not require a monetary payment.

The situation here denotes the arrangement of the inducting structure.

Inducing structure (reasoning by analogy) requires the problem-solver to arrange things in any way that results in the formation of a new relationship between them. Analogies entail ruminating on relationships, particularly relative similarity, in order to create a correspondence between one set of relationships and another. Some problems require the discovery of relationships between elements. "Pineapple is to fruit what cabbage is to ." In this analogy problem, the answer, "vegetable," requires people to figure out the relationship between "pineapple" and "fruit" and apply a similar relationship to "cabbage.

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The use of strategic alliances: is more frequent than other types of cooperative strategies.

Strategic alliances are arrangements between firms that involve sharing resources and capabilities. These arrangements enable firms to share risks, reduce costs, and gain access to new markets, technologies, or products.

Some examples of strategic alliances include joint ventures, licensing agreements, supply chain partnerships, research and development partnerships, and marketing partnerships.

It explains the most frequently used type of cooperative strategy which is Strategic Alliances. So, it is concluded that the use of strategic alliances is more frequent than other types of cooperative strategies.

Strategic alliances are more successful when partnering firms are headquartered in different countries, as this provides access to new markets, technologies, and products. Strategic alliances may also be used to increase investment and introduce new products.

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"Job shops " are organized around particular types of general-purpose equipment that are flexible and capable of customizing work for individual customers.

Job shops are manufacturing facilities that specialize in producing small batches of custom-made products or components. They are organized around a general-purpose machine that can be configured or modified to perform a specific task, such as cutting, welding, or milling. The flexibility of the equipment allows job shops to handle a wide variety of jobs, often with short lead times. J

ob shops are common in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction, where parts and components must be customized to meet specific requirements.

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The similarity between the outsourcing and overtime strategies for avoiding a labor shortage is that both strategies involve contracting with another organization to perform a broad set of services.

Outsourcing is the process of hiring an external organization to perform a business activity that would otherwise be performed in-house. It can save companies time and money because they can hire experts who are more cost-effective than hiring and training employees, as well as reduce overhead costs.

Overtime is an employment condition in which employees work beyond their normal work hours, either daily or weekly, to earn extra pay for additional hours worked. Overtime is usually required when there is an increase in production or a shortage of labor, and it can help to meet deadlines and get work done quickly.

A labor shortage occurs when there are more job openings than there are workers available to fill them. This can lead to increased competition for workers and higher wages, as well as a need for strategies such as outsourcing and overtime to meet production and business needs.

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The total variable cost for the month is ($72,490): $6,908 + $72,490 = $69,028.

Pearls, Pearls, Pearls manufactures and sells jewelry. The total variable cost of goods sold this month is $72,490. Variable selling and administrative cost is $22 per unit sold. If 350 units are produced and 314 units are sold this month.

To calculate this, you would first multiply the variable cost per unit ($22) by the total units sold (314 units): 22 x 314 = $6,908.

Then, you would add this to the total variable cost of goods sold ($72,490): $6,908 + $72,490 = $69,028.

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The sample size for a substantive test of details for a specific account is influenced by the factors of "Expected Measure of amount of tolerable misstatements" and "Measure of tolerable misstatement" which is option D.

Sample size is a term used in statistics to represent the size of a sample. It can be defined as the number of observations in a sample. The sample size is critical in deciding the accuracy of a study because a larger sample size will produce more accurate results. If the sample size is small, the study will not be reliable because it is not representative of the population from which the sample was drawn.

In auditing, substantive tests are used to verify the accuracy and completeness of account balances, transaction classes, and disclosures in financial statements. They are intended to be a means of obtaining audit evidence to substantiate the financial statement amounts and disclosures. The substantive test may be of details or analytical procedures. When carrying out substantive tests, the auditor must choose a sample of transactions, balances, or disclosures from the population to test.

The auditor determines the appropriate sample size by considering several factors that influence the risk of material misstatement, such as the expected amount of misstatements, the measure of tolerable misstatement, and other relevant factors.The sample size for a substantive test of details for a specific account is influenced by the factors of "Expected Measure of amount of tolerable misstatements" and "Measure of tolerable misstatement." These two factors are selected because they will help the auditor to obtain a sample size that will be adequate for the purpose of detecting material misstatements that are not acceptable.

Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) Yes Measure of tolerable misstatement.

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The stakeholder is making an objection related to the data analysis, specifically questioning whether the differences in the data have been properly controlled for.

The stakeholder's objection suggests that there are differences in the data that may have a significant impact on the findings of the analysis. These differences could be related to various factors such as demographics, experimental conditions, or sampling methods.

Controlling for differences means ensuring that these factors are taken into account and their impact is minimized or eliminated. Failing to do so could lead to biased or inaccurate results.

The objection highlights the importance of conducting thorough data analysis that considers potential confounding factors and controls for them appropriately to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.

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The true statement regarding business professionals who frequently ask questions and offload their own tasks to others instant messages or email is that: They can be easily misunderstood or misinterpreted.

Email has become an essential method of communication, particularly in the workplace. People frequently use email for formal business communications, as well as for informal and personal exchanges.

Businesses use email to communicate with employees, vendors, customers, and other external parties, as well as within departments and among coworkers. Emails can also be used for marketing purposes and to communicate with members of the media.

A professional who frequently asks questions and offloads their own tasks to others instant messages or email can be easily misunderstood or misinterpreted. It is important to avoid misunderstandings and to make sure that the message is clear and concise.

Miscommunication can harm relationships, productivity, and overall business success.

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The economic integration system in which the establishment of a common currency is possible is Economic union.

The Economic Union (EU) is an association of member states that established a common market in 1957, following the Treaty of Rome. The purpose of the EU is to promote economic and political integration between its member states, which share a common currency (the euro).

The EU, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive form of economic integration that involves not only the creation of a common market but also the establishment of a customs union, a common currency, and a common trade policy, among other things. As such, the EU is often described as a form of economic and political integration, rather than simply a trade agreement.

Hence, the third option is correct, i.e., Economic union.

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The statement, "Incremental costs are also known as differential costs" is true. Differential cost is equivalent to incremental cost and marginal cost. The total of the money resulting from two decisions is known as differential revenue.

The given statement "Incremental costs are also known as differential costs" is true because, a decision's differential cost, or the cost of changing the output level, is the difference between the costs of two potential options. The idea is applied when there are several viable alternatives to consider and a decision needs to be made on which option to choose and which to forgo.

The idea might be especially helpful in step costing scenarios, when it could be extremely expensive to produce an extra unit of output. As the focus is on the stark disparity in the prices of the alternatives or the change in output, there is no distinction between a differential cost's potential forms: variable, fixed, or a combination of the two.

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Business processes are the mainstay of any business organization. They are the mechanism by which work is done and products are generated. Business processes can be influenced by information systems.

Information systems are a combination of software, hardware, and telecommunications equipment that people use to create, process, store, and distribute information. A company's information systems can play an important role in helping to improve business processes. Information systems can provide real-time feedback to management, which can be used to monitor performance and ensure that all employees are on the same page. In addition, information systems can automate many business processes, making them more efficient and less prone to error. Information systems can help organizations achieve their business goals by providing the right information to the right people at the right time. It helps companies to streamline their processes, improve their decision-making abilities, and provide better customer service.

The relationship between business processes and information systems is such that they are interrelated. Business processes are used by information systems to manage information. Information systems, on the other hand, are designed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes. By working together, business processes and information systems can help organizations to achieve their goals, increase their profits, and provide better services to their customers. In conclusion, information systems play an important role in business processes, and businesses can benefit greatly from investing in information systems.

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The cost of food issued and food consumed for Unit A are 11,201.00 and 8,661.00, for Unit B are 26,686.00 and 20,039.00 and for unit C are 31,774.35 and 25,055.05.

To calculate the cost of food issued and consumed for each unit in the chain of restaurants operated under the name Grandma’s Kitchen, you will need to use the figures provided.

For Unit A:
Cost of food issued = Purchases + Opening Inventory + Cooking Liquor + Gratis to Bar
= [tex]8,300.00 + 2,688.00 + 94.00 + 119.00[/tex]
= [tex]11,201.00[/tex]

Cost of food consumed = Cost of food issued - Closing Inventory
= [tex]11,201.00 - 2,540.00[/tex]
=[tex]8,661.00[/tex]

For Unit B:
Cost of food issued = Purchases + Opening Inventory + Transfer to other units + Steward sales + Transfer from other units
= [tex]19,472.00 + 6,647.00 + 339.00 + 53.00 + 223.00[/tex]
= [tex]26,686.00[/tex]

Cost of food consumed = Cost of food issued - Closing Inventory
=[tex]26,686.00 - 6,647.00[/tex]
=[tex]20,039.00[/tex]

For Unit C:
Cost of food issued = Opening Inventory + Transfer from other units + Cooking Liquor + Purchases + Transfer to other units + Food to Bar (directs) + Gratis to Bar
= [tex]6,622.40 + 47.35 + 253.65 + 24,182.55 + 347.60 + 337.40 + 177.35[/tex]
=[tex]31,774.35[/tex]

Cost of food consumed = Cost of food issued - Closing Inventory
=[tex]31,774.35 - 6,719.30[/tex]
=[tex]25,055.05[/tex]

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