The pancreas secretes a lot of sodium bicarbonate, which cancels out stomach acid and protects the duodenum. The stomach is a large, bean-shaped, hollow muscular organ with four regions: Persist reading for more info.
The pancreas secretes sodium bicarbonate to aid digestion. Certain enzymes are broken down and stomach acid generated during digestion is neutralized by this compound.
An antacid called sodium bicarbonate is used to treat acid indigestion and heartburn. In some cases, your doctor may also prescribe sodium bicarbonate to make your urine or blood less acidic. Occasionally, this medication is prescribed for other purposes; For more information, consult your physician or pharmacist.
To learn more about pancreas secretes here
https://brainly.com/question/13256074
#SPJ4
For each of these three fitness arrays, calculate what the frequency of allele 1 would be for the next generation, starting from p=0.1 in the zygote stage, and assuming random mating.
Genotype: AA Aa aa
Fitness 1: 1 0.8 0.8
fitness 2: 1 1 0.5
fitness 3: 1 0.85 0.75
To Calculate the frequency of allele 1 for each of these three fitness arrays, assuming random mating results in fitness 1: 1 0.8 0.8 and starting at p=0.1 at the zygote stage. Option 2 is Correct.
The earliest stage of conception, commonly referred to as fertilization, is the zygote stage. The third week is when fertilization takes place. A zygote is made when a sperm and an egg combine. Week 4: The little cluster of cells develops into a blastocyst and attaches itself into the lining of your uterus.
Fitness scores range from 0 to 1. The population's fitness may be calculated as 1 - s, where s is the selection coefficient, and 1 is the fitness of the fittest individual. Hence, Option 2 is Correct.
Learn more about zygote stage Visit: brainly.com/question/26764173
#SPJ4
Correct Question:
For each of these three fitness arrays, calculate what the frequency of allele 1 would be for the next generation, starting from p=0.1 in the zygote stage, and assuming random mating.
1. Genotype: AA Aa aa
2. Fitness 1: 1 0.8 0.8
3. fitness 2: 1 1 0.5
4. fitness 3: 1 0.85 0.75
________ behaviors are those that organisms acquire through _____
Innate behavior is ________ and is sometimes called instinct.
Many behavioral adaptations allow animals to________ to changes in their environment.
Some behaviors are associated with changes in the seasons such as when animals ________ or go ________.
Plants respond to ________, gravity and touch.
Plant leaning toward or away from the light is called ________.
The behaviors that creatures learn through experience or observation are known as learned behaviors.
Innate behavior, often known as instinct, is genetically preprogrammed.
Animals can adjust to changes in their environment thanks to a variety of behavioral adaptations.
Certain activities, like when animals migrate or hibernate, are connected to seasonal variations.
Light, gravity, and touch all affect how plants react. Phototropism is the term for a plant's tilt toward or away from the light.
BehaviorsThe aforementioned statement gives a general summary of the various types of behaviors that organisms display. The two basic categories of behavior are innate and learned. An organism has innate tendencies from birth due to genetic programming. These instinctive, stereotyped responses to stimuli are often known as instincts. For instance, certain bird species' intrinsic ma ting dances are triggered by particular environmental stimuli.On the other hand, learned behaviors are those that organisms pick up through experience or observation. They can differ between people and populations because they are not genetically predetermined. Animals can learn activities such as foraging, social interaction, and hunting. Language and culture are learned habits as well.learn more about environmental stimuli here
https://brainly.com/question/21347989
#SPJ1
Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given .
Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process ?
Glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is responsible for the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, Here option B is the correct answer.
Glycolysis does not require a net influx of energy from some other process, as it is exergonic and releases energy in the form of ATP. It can be further processed through aerobic or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP, the cell's main source of energy.
Photosynthesis, on the other hand, is an endergonic process that requires energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are also processes that occur during cellular respiration and require a net influx of energy in the form of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP.
Protein synthesis is a complex process that requires energy in the form of ATP and GTP to form peptide bonds and to power the movement of ribosomes along mRNA. The energy required for protein synthesis is obtained through the breakdown of glucose or other molecules through glycolysis and other metabolic pathways.
To learn more about glycolysis
https://brainly.com/question/29604117
#SPJ4
Complete question:
Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Glycolysis
C. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
D. Oxidative phosphorylation
E. Protein synthesis
2. (b) Describe TWO environmental benefits of urbanization.
FILL IN THE BLANK.Lifting for ________ stresses the nervous system to act quickly and the tendons, ligaments, and joint structures to become more stable.
Lifting for power or explosive strength stresses the nervous system to act quickly and the tendons, ligaments, and joint structures to become more stable.
The goal of powerlifting, also known as lifting for power and explosive strength, is to produce the most force possible in the shortest amount of time. It entails carrying out workouts with high weights for brief intervals in order to increase movement speed and power.
When lifting for power, the goal is to generate a lot of force quickly using the neurological system of the body. The body's capacity to recruit muscle fibres can be enhanced by this form of exercise, which will raise power production. Additionally, it aids in increasing the pace of force development, or the capacity to quickly generate force.
To know more about strength click here
brainly.com/question/26998713
#SPJ4
All of the following statements are the part of Darwin's theory of natural selection exceptGenetic variation exists among individuals in a population.The size of most populations remains relatively constant, despite the fact that more offspring are produced than are needed to maintain it.Early settlers saved seed only from the most productive crop plants to plant the following year.Disease, competition, and other environmental forces tend to eliminate the individuals in a population that are less adapted to their environment.Individuals that are best adapted to their environment tend to pass on heritable advantageous characteristics to their offspring.
Option a and e do not fit within the Darwin hypothesis because it holds that natural evolution occurs through heredity.The Darwin's Theory is considered as a great theory all over the world.
b) Most populations maintain a fairly steady size despite having more offspring than are required to keep them alive
b) The most fruitful agricultural plants were the ones from which the early settlers stored seed to sow the next year.
d)The members of a population who are less adapted to their environment likely to be eliminated by disease, competition, and other environmental forces.
Based on his observations made while travelling the world by sea, Charles Darwin came to the following conclusion that the nature chooses the organism that will thrive in a certain setting.More suited to their environment, organisms will endure.
To know more about Darwin's theory please check the following link
https://brainly.com/question/29450410
#SPJ4
(h) When a stent is fitted the doctor gives the patient an injection of anti-clotting drugs.
The patient then takes one anti-clotting tablet every day.
Anti-clotting drugs:
•
.
are very effective
can take a week to begin working fully
have been used for over 60 years
cost very little to make
do not work effectively if the patient eats certain types of food.
The patient must have their blood tested every few weeks to check that the anti-clotting
drugs are working.
Evaluate the use of anti-clotting drugs in patients who have had a stent fitted.
Aspirin and another blood clot-preventing drug are frequently prescribed by doctors when patients receive stents.
RationaleThe thin metal mesh tubes that assist widen restricted arteries. These medications include ticagrelor, prasugrel, and clopidogrel (Plavix), among others (Brilinta). They work similarly to aspirin by preventing platelets, tiny blood cells, from adhering to one another and forming clots. Heart attacks can result from clots that develop inside the stent (sometimes referred to as stent thrombosis).Those with atrial fibrillation who want to prevent strokes must take anticoagulation. In patients who get coronary stenting and have acute coronary syndromes, antiplatelet treatment is crucial for reducing cardiovascular events and preventing stent thrombosis.For more information on anticoagulants kindly visit to
https://brainly.com/question/14834794
#SPJ1
Hello , I need help and answer for 19
To test the hypothesis that hammerhead sharks have their unusual head shapes to provide improved vision to hunt and kill prey, a scientist could design an experiment by following various steps.
How can said hypothesis be tested?Gather a sample of hammerhead sharks of different sizes and ages.Set up an observation tank with clear water and natural lighting to mimic the sharks' natural environment.Observe the sharks' hunting behaviours and ability to detect prey in the tank.Measure the sharks' head shapes using digital calipers to obtain accurate dimensions.Use computer modelling to simulate the sharks' vision and ability to detect prey based on their head shape measurements.Compare the simulation results with the observed hunting behaviours to determine if there is a correlation between head shape and hunting ability.To know more about testing hypotheses, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29022697
#SPJ1
How does acid rain affect plants and animals?
Answer:
Dead or dying trees are a common sight in areas effected by acid rain. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil. That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. Acid rain also removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that trees need to grow.
Why is the rumen not acidic?
Answer:
please make me brainalist
Explanation:
To keep the rumen bugs happy, cows chew cud. Chewing cud creates saliva, which has bicarbonate in it and opposes acid. Therefore, the more the cows chew cud, the more saliva they produce, and this saliva when swallowed with the cud maintains a rumen pH between 6.0 and 7.0, keeping the important microbes happy.
Answer: How come the rumen is not acidic? Rumen bacteria quickly break down carbohydrates in the rumen into sugars, which are subsequently fermented to produce an excess of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), lowering the rumen's pH. In what way do ruminants and rumen microorganisms interact?
Explanation: I changed the wording for you so you do not have to
I hope this helps broski
Which of the following structures passes through the gap between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the base of the skull? a. Stylopharyngeus muscle b. Glossopharyngeal nerve C. Auditory tube d. Palatopharyngeus muscle
The structure of the auditory tube passes through the space between the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx and the base of the skull. So the correct answer is option (C).
Between the superior constrictor muscle and the skull, it passes through the levator palatine muscle, the auditory tube and the ascending palatine artery. The styloid muscle and the glossopharyngeal nerve between the upper and middle pharyngeal constrictors.
The cartilaginous part of the ear canal emerges from a space called the sinus of morgagni formed between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and skull.
The required structure is auditory tube, because in the pharynx the space between the upper border of the superior constrictor muscle and the base of skull and the pharyngeal aponeurosis is called the sinus of Morgagni.
The contents of the sinus of Morgagni are the ascending palatine artery, the auditory canal and the levator palatine muscle. Therefore, the option (C ) is correct choice.
For more information about Auditory tube, visit :
https://brainly.com/question/12581118
#SPJ4
look at picture for guidance need help asap 30 points! (troll I will report you and surely get you banned)
Answer:
this should be it
Explanation:
What is the main interaction between the respiratory and circulatory
systems?
A. They send hormones to each other.
B. They exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C. They communicate through neuroendocrine cells.
D. They exchange information across synapses.
Answer:
they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Explanation:
they don't do any of the rest
what types of energy are in a battery-powered radio?
what types of energy are in a hydropower dam?
what types of energy are in using an unplugged iphone?
Identify a specific location on Earth that has high wave power potential and is close to a major population center so that it is easy to distribute the generated electricity.
One specific location on Earth that has high wave power potential and is close to a major population center is the coast of Portugal, particularly the town of Peniche. The Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Peniche has some of the highest wave power potential in the world, with waves that can reach heights of up to 10 meters. Peniche is also located close to Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, which makes it easy to distribute the generated electricity to the city and other nearby population centers. In fact, there are already several wave power plants in operation along the coast of Portugal, including one in Peniche.
Drag the labels to identify the correct sequence in the activation of natural killer cells and how they kill their cellular targets. Reset Help Secretion Perfor Recognition and Adhesion Realignment of Golgi apparatus ut Lys of norma C We for AD Next
After labelling the cells to identify the correct sequence in the activation of natural killer cells and how they kill their cellular targets, we have the following when everything is arranged in the right order:
1) T cells – T cells are the immune system's first line of defence against foreign invaders. They also produce cytokines, which are biological agents that stimulate the immune system's other cells.
Cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells are some examples of T cells.
2) The B cell. A virus or bacteria that has invaded the body can be killed by antibody molecules that are produced by B cells.
a) Plasmodial cells
3) NK cells: These immune cells have granules, which are tiny particles that contain enzymes that can destroy cancerous or virus-infected cells. A specific kind of white blood cell is an NK cell. also known as NK-LGL and natural killer cell. Enlarge. growth of blood cells
To know more about killer cells please check the following link
https://brainly.com/question/30554106
#SPJ4
Read the following statement.
There are many different ways scales can be used to help people understand the natural world.
Which sentence from the article provides the BEST support for the above statement?
A
But how do you observe and measure something that is larger than an entire planet?
B
Cartographers, or people who make maps, create map scales to help people understand the relationship between distances on maps and distances in the real world.
C
Usually, the scales are in the bottom corner of a paper map.
D
Similar to how scale can help us understand very large objects, scale can also be used to help us understand very small objects
Answer:
D.
Similar to how scale can help us understand very large objects, scale can also be used to help us understand very small objects
explain how incomplete dominance differs from a dominant-recessive pair of alleles. (hint: think about the phenotypes of heterozygous individuals.)
Incomplete dominance differs from a dominant-recessive pair of alleles in that neither allele completely dominates over the other in incomplete dominance, resulting in an intermediate phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
Incomplete dominance is a form of inheritance in which neither of the two alleles that determine a trait is completely dominant over the other, resulting in an intermediate phenotype in heterozygous individuals. In contrast, a dominant-recessive pair of alleles are characterized by one allele being fully dominant over the other, resulting in a clear dominant phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
For example, in incomplete dominance, if a red flower (RR) is crossed with a white flower (rr), the offspring (Rr) will have a pink phenotype that is intermediate between the red and white parental phenotypes. This occurs because the R allele does not completely dominate over the r allele, resulting in a blending of the two parental traits.
In contrast, in a dominant-recessive pair of alleles, if a dominant allele (A) for dark hair color is crossed with a recessive allele (a) for light hair color, the offspring (Aa) will have a dark hair color phenotype, as the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele.
In contrast, in a dominant-recessive pair, the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele, resulting in a clear dominant phenotype in heterozygous individuals.
To learn more about alleles
https://brainly.com/question/14206531
#SPJ4
what role does water play in photosynthesis
Answer:
transports oxygen
Explanation:
please give brainiest!
Rotenone (An Insecticide) Blocks The Protein That Accepts Electrons From NADH. Rotenone Blocks ATP Synthesis By:
Rotenone (an insecticide) blocks the protein that accepts ele
Rotenone inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria, which is how it prevents ATP generation.
Rotenone specifically binds to the protein complex known as complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), which is responsible for transferring electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, a mobile electron carrier in the ETC. Rotenone blocks the flow of electrons through the ETC by interacting with complex I and preventing the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. As a result, the proton motive force (PMF), which is typically produced by the passage of electrons through the ETC across the mitochondrial inner membrane, decreases.
The PMF is required for ATP synthase, a protein complex that harnesses the PMF's energy to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, to produce ATP. Rotenone's suppression of the ETC consequently causes a reduction in ATP synthesis.
Learn more about “ Rotenone “ visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/25254934
#SPJ4
complete question -
"Rotenone is an insecticide that is known to block the protein that accepts electrons from NADH. What is the mechanism by which rotenone blocks ATP synthesis?"
contrast the following activities in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: replication of dna transcription or translation gene regulation cell division
The cytoplasm of the cell is where prokaryotic transcription takes place, whereas the nucleus of the cell is where eukaryotic transcription takes place.
Direct transcription of prokaryotic mRNA from DNA is possible. Eukaryotes, in contrast, produce pre-mRNA first, followed by the processing of mature mRNA. DNA replication, which is primarily accomplished through binary fission or budding in prokaryotes, is the initial stage of cell division. DNA replication happens during the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, which is a somewhat complex process in eukaryotes. Transcriptional control happens at the transcriptional level in prokaryotes, where transcription and translation both take place concurrently in the cytoplasm.
To know more about cytoplasm, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/15417320
#SPJ4
Contrast the following activities in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: Replication of DNA, Transcription, Gene Regulation, Cell Division.
2.1.3 Explain the consequence on human reproduction if a male wearstight-fitting underwear all the time.
fill in the blank. The only muscle in the brachial region that does not perform an action at the elbow joint is the __. Coracobrachialis.
Answer:
Coracobrachialis is the correct answer
Which statements, if made by the nursing student, indicate effective learning about the functions of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.
Effective learning about the functions of the lymphatic system is reflected inaccurate statements about its role in immune defense, fluid balance, and fat absorption. Here options A, B, and C are the correct answer.
The lymphatic system is an important part of the circulatory and immune systems in the human body. It is responsible for several functions, including immune defense, fluid balance, and fat absorption. Effective learning about the functions of the lymphatic system is reflected inaccurate statements about its role in these processes.
A) The lymphatic system produces and circulates lymphocytes, which are important cells in the immune system that help to fight infection and disease. This statement is correct and indicates effective learning.
B) Lymphatic vessels transport lymph, a fluid that contains immune cells, excess fluids, and waste products, back into the bloodstream. This statement is also correct and indicates an understanding of the basic function of lymphatic vessels.
C) The lymphatic system absorbs and transports dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine to the bloodstream. This statement is true and highlights the role of the lymphatic system in digestion and nutrient absorption.
To learn more about the lymphatic system
https://brainly.com/question/30889295
#SPJ4
Complete question:
Which of the following statements about the functions of the lymphatic system indicate effective learning? Select all that apply:
A) The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in immune defense by producing and circulating lymphocytes.
B) Lymphatic vessels transport lymph, a clear fluid that contains immune cells and waste products, back into the bloodstream.
C) The lymphatic system absorbs and transports dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine to the bloodstream.
D) The lymphatic system secretes hormones that regulate fluid balance in the body.
E) The lymphatic system is not connected to any other body system and works independently.
discuss maternal pregnancy recognition in cattle and its role in maintenance of dairy cattle reproductive performance
An essential component of carrying a pregnancy to term is the mother's acknowledgment of her pregnancy. Without maternal recognition to continue the pregnancy, the early signals that limit luteolysis and encourage fetal implantation, growth, and uterine development run out with nothing to replace them, and the pregnancy is lost.
How successfully can cattle reproduce?To maintain a 365-day inter-calving gap, the seasonal calving system demands a high degree of reproductive activity. In the first three weeks of the seasonal breeding cycle, over 80% of cows are found to be in oestrus and inseminated, with a conception rate of 55% to 65% after this initial insemination.To maintain a 365-day inter-calving gap, the seasonal calving system demands a high degree of reproductive activity. In the first three weeks of the seasonal breeding cycle, over 80% of cows are found to be in oestrus and inseminated, with a conception rate of 55% to 65% after this initial insemination.To learn more about cattle reproduction, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/16348373
which of the following are possible characteristics that are used to identify bacteria? (select all that are correct)\
Bacteria represent the major domain of
species of prokaryotes. They lack nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles. The possible characteristics used to identify bacteria are statements (b), (c) and (d).
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms belonging to the domain bacteria, not Archaea. Most bacteria have no known effect on humans, but some are pathogenic and cause disease, while others are actually beneficial to humans. Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes whose DNA is not bound to the nucleus, appear as single cells or large groups of cells, have a membrane and a cell wall, and are usually spherical, rod-shaped, or helical. The characteristics used to identify bacteria are as follows:
Bacteria are prokaryotesBacterial forms include: cocci, bacilli and spirochetesSome bacteria have chlorophyll and can carry out photosynthesis.Therefore, the correct choices are options (b), (c), and (d).
For more information about bacteria, visit :
https://brainly.com/question/27834755
#SPJ4
Complete question:
Which of the following are possible characteristics that are used to identify bacteria? (select all that are correct)
a)bacteria are eukaryotic
b)bacteria are prokaryotic
c)bacterial shapes include: cocci, bacillus, and spirilla
d)some bacteria have chlorophyll to conduct photosynthesis
e)some bacteria have chloroplasts
or each microbe, designate the level of resistance to antimicrobial control using the terms provided:
- Protozoan cyst, fungi
- Enveloped virus
- Endospore
- Prion
- Vegetative bacteria
For each microbe, designate the level of resistance to antimicrobial control using the terms provided is Protozoan cyst, fungi. Therefore the correct option is option A.
The level of resistance of each microbe to antimicrobial control is described below: Protozoan cysts: Protozoan cysts are moderately resistant to antimicrobial control. They are not as resistant as spores but can survive under harsh conditions.
Some disinfectants are not effective against protozoan cysts, and higher doses of antimicrobial agents are required to kill them. Fungi: Fungi are relatively resistant to antimicrobial control. Fungal cells have a thick cell wall that is resistant to many disinfectants and antifungal agents.
Enveloped viruses: Enveloped viruses are less resistant to antimicrobial control than non-enveloped viruses. Endospores: Endospores are highly resistant to antimicrobial control. They can survive high temperatures, radiation, and harsh chemicals.
However, some species of bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, which makes it difficult to treat infections caused by these bacteria.
For such more question on antimicrobial:
https://brainly.com/question/19923527
#SPJ11
The following question may be like this:
For each microbe, designate the level of resistance to antimicrobial control using the terms provided:
- Protozoan cyst, fungi
- Enveloped virus
- Endospore
- Prion
- Vegetative bacteria
One of the most important earlier steps in understanding stars was to group them into classes called spectral types that could offer clues as to why they are different from one another. Shown here are spectra of some main-sequence stars. Before stars were very well understood, they were classified into an order that was based on the relative strength of hydrogen absorption lines, marked by arrows the image shown.
Look at the spectra for stars of different spectral type. Choose the list of spectral types that are in order of decreasing strength of their hydrogen lines, as indicated by the arrows (strongest absorption first, weakest last).
The Harvard spectral classification sequence, often known as AFGKM, is the right arrangement.
What distinguishes the spectra of stars of various spectral classes from one another?The main cause of variations in star spectra is temperature, not chemical makeup. The spectra of stars described in terms of spectral classifications. These spectral classes are O, B, F, G, K, M, L, T, and Y, decreasing in temperature order.
What factors are the most crucial for classifying different star spectral types?The present spectral classification system is so successful that it has scarcely been updated since 1943. It is based on how the temperature and pressure of the star's atmosphere leave physical imprints on the spectrum of the star's light.
To know more about classification sequence visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/28332841
#SPJ1
If a student was trying to reduce the amount of protein intake and wanted to test a sample of their food
to see if it was good for them to eat, what test would they use? Explain.
The Kjeldahl method is a chemical process that involves digesting the food sample with sulfuric acid, which converts the nitrogen content in the protein to ammonium sulfate.
What is an acid ?An acid is a chemical substance that donates positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when it dissolves in water. Acids have a pH level lower than 7 on a pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. The greater the concentration of H+ ions in a solution, the more acidic it is.
Acids can be found in both natural and man-made substances, and they can be classified as either strong or weak based on their ability to donate H+ ions. Strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3), donate H+ ions readily and can completely dissociate in water. Weak acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and carbonic acid (H2CO3), donate H+ ions less readily and only partially dissociate in water.
Acids can react with bases to form salts and water in a process known as neutralization. This reaction involves the transfer of H+ ions from the acid to the base, resulting in the formation of salt and water.
To know more about Acids visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29796621
#SPJ1
draw or explain the difference between the extinction of a species and a mass extinction. use evidence to support your answer.
There is a constant "turnover" of the species that exist on Earth as a result of extinctions. Background extinction refers to this typical process.
A mass extinction is an event where extinction rates unexpectedly increase for a brief period of time. The clear signs that mass extinctions occurred were first found in the fossil record. The younger layer directly above is sparse in compared to the lower, older rock layer in the strata corresponding to these time periods, which has a wide variety of fossilised living forms. Because marine fossils have a better fossil record and stratigraphic range than those of land species, they are primarily utilised to calculate extinction rates.
To know more about Background extinction, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/14482178
#SPJ4