What is the energy of a single photon of light which has a wavelength of 454 nm? E=(h)(c)/ λ

When a light bulb used in a slide projector draws a current of 6 amperes while operating on 120 volts, the power consumed by the light bulb in watts is 720, and the resistance of the light bulb in ohms is 20. Thus, the correct option is B.

When we know that the current drawn by a light bulb is 6 amperes and the voltage applied to it is 120 volts, we can easily calculate the resistance of the light bulb, as follows:

Resistance (R) = Voltage (V) / Current (I)

here, V = 120V and I = 6A

Therefore, the resistance of the light bulb is:

R = V/I = 120/6 = 20 Ohms

The formula used to calculate the power (P) consumed by a light bulb is:

P = V × I

Here, the voltage (V) applied to the light bulb is 120 volts and the current (I) drawn by the light bulb is 6 amperes. So, the power consumed by the light bulb is:

P = 120 × 6 = 720 watts

Hence, the power consumed by the light bulb in watts is 720, and the resistance of the light bulb is 20 ohms.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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The orbit radius of the blob in a circular orbit about the black hole is approximately 33,288 km.

The orbit radius of a blob in a circular orbit about a black hole whose mass is 13.5 times the mass of the Sun can be calculated using the formula:

r = (GMT²/4π²)1/3,  where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the black hole, and T is the period of the orbit.

X-ray pulses from Cygnus X-1, a celestial x-ray source, have been recorded during high-altitude rocket flights. The signals can be interpreted as originating when a blob of ionized matter orbits a black hole with a period of 7.84 ms. Therefore,

T = 7.84 × 10⁻³ seconds

M = 13.5

Mʘ = 13.5 × 1.991 × 10³⁰ kg = 2.68585 × 10³¹ kgG = 6.67259 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²

Now, substituting the given values in the formula:

r = [(6.67259 × 10⁻¹¹ × 2.68585 × 10³¹ × (7.84 × 10⁻³)²) / (4π²)]1/3r = 33,288,375 meters ≈ 33,288 km

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Isometric pushes against a wall made of concrete, Isotonic running up a hill. isotonic freestyle swimming, bicycle pedalling on a level surface: isotonic.

Static muscle contractions, in which the length of the muscle does not change during the workout, are called isometric exercises. This indicates that during the activity, there is no discernible movement or alteration in joint angle. Instead, the muscles are tense against a constant force or maintained still for a certain period of time. Exercises that are isometric include pushing against a wall, keeping a plank position, and tightening a hand grasp. Exercises that are isometric can help to increase joint stability and balance as well as muscular strength and endurance. They can also be incorporated into normal workout routines for general health and strength training. They are frequently used in physical therapy to aid patients in recovering from injuries or surgery.

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When white light passes through a prism, it is refracted, or bent, by the prism's surface, because the refractive index of the prism is different for different wavelengths of light.

Because of this variation in the refractive index, the different colors of light that make up white light (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet) are refracted by different amounts, separating them into a spectrum of colors. This effect is known as dispersion.

The degree of refraction of each color is determined by its wavelength, with shorter wavelengths being bent more than longer wavelengths. This is why the colors are separated, with violet light being refracted the most, followed by blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.

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The speed (at perigee) is 6.32 km/s and the speed at apogee is, 2.00 km/s.

a) To calculate the eccentricity of the orbit, you need to calculate the ratio of the difference between the perigee and apogee radii to the sum of the two radii. This can be calculated using the following equation:

eccentricity = (apogee radius - perigee radius) / (apogee radius + perigee radius).

Plugging in the given values, the eccentricity of the orbit is,

e = (100,000 - 10,000) / (100,000 + 10,000) = 0.91.

b) The semimajor axis of the orbit (in kilometers) can be calculated using the following equation:

semimajor axis = (perigee radius + apogee radius) / 2.

Plugging in the given values, the semimajor axis of the orbit is,

a = (10,000 + 100,000) / 2 = 55,000 km.

c) The period of the orbit (in hours) can be calculated using the following equation: period = 2π√(semimajor axis^3 / μ). Here, μ is the standard gravitational parameter which is 398,600 km^3/s^2. Plugging in the given values, the period of the orbit is T = 2π√(55,000^3 / 398,600) ≈ 25,000 hrs.

d) The specific energy of the orbit (in kilometers squared per second squared) can be calculated using the following equation: specific energy = (2 / perigee radius) - (1 / semimajor axis).

Plugging in the given values, the specific energy of the orbit is,

specific energy = (2 / 10,000) - (1 / 55,000) ≈ -0.0054 km^2/s^2.

e) The true anomaly at which the altitude is 10,000 km (in degrees) can be calculated using the following equation: true anomaly = arccos((perigee radius / semimajor axis) - 1). Plugging in the given values, the true anomaly at which the altitude is 10,000 km is v = arccos((10,000 / 55,000) - 1) ≈ 74.4°.

f) The radial velocity (vr) and the transverse velocity (v⊥) at the points found in part (e) (in kilometers per second) can be calculated using the following equations:

vr = √(μ / perigee radius) * cos(true anomaly) and v⊥ = √(μ / perigee radius) * sin(true anomaly). Plugging in the given values, the radial velocity at the point of 10,000 km altitude is vr = √(398,600 / 10,000) * cos(74.4°) ≈ 4.17 km/s and the transverse velocity is v⊥ = √(398,600 / 10,000) * sin(74.4°) ≈ 4.04 km/s.

g) The speed at perigee and apogee (in kilometers per second) can be calculated using the following equation:

speed = √(μ/ radius).

Plugging in the given values, the speed at perigee is,

speed (at perigee) = √(398,600 / 10,000) ≈ 6.32 km/s

The speed at apogee is,

speed (at apogee) = √(398,600 / 100,000) ≈ 2.00 km/s.

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Answer:

The speed of the car will increase.

Explanation:

From idea of momentum, force is directly proportional to velocity

[tex]{ \bf{f \: \alpha \: v}} \\ { \rm{f = kv}}[/tex]

Initially, f = 25N and v = 3 m/s

[tex]{ \rm{25 = k \times 3}} \\ \\ { \rm{k = \frac{25}{3} }}[/tex]

Lastly, f = 35

[tex]{ \rm{f = \frac{25}{3}v }} \\ \\ { \rm{35 = \frac{25}{3} \times v}} \\ \\ { \rm{v = \frac{3 \times 35}{25} }} \\ \\ { \rm{v = 4.2} }[/tex]

Answer: slightly more

Explanation:

it will be slightly less because it is partially taking away the heaviness from your natural weight. But it might also be slightly more because you are still kind of adding more weight onto the scale by putting more weight onto your toes making it heavier.

The magnitude of the force F is 47 N when 3.60 s.

A 4.50 kg crate is suspended from the end of a short vertical rope of negligible mass.

An upward force F(t) is applied to the end of the rope, and the height of the crate above its initial position is given by

y(t) = (2.80m/s )t +(0.61m/s^3 )t^3.

First, we will find the speed of the crate:

v(t) = dy(t)/dt => (v(t)) = 2.80 + 1.83t^2

We have to find the magnitude of the force F(t) when t = 3.60 s.

Since the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s^2 and

the net force on the crate is 0, the upward force applied F(t) is equal to the weight of the crate.

W = mg => F(t) = 4.50 kg x 9.81 m/s^2= 44.14 N.

Using the equation of motion:

y(t) = 0.5gt^2 + v(0)t + y(0)

where g is the acceleration due to gravity,

v(0) is the initial speed of the object, and

y(0) is the initial position of the object,

we find the value of y(3.60) = 47.25 m.

Substituting t = 3.60 s, we get:

47.25 = 0.5 x 9.81 x (3.60)^2 + (2.80)(3.60) + (0.61/3.60^2) x (3.60)^3

After solving for the above expression, we get the magnitude of the force F when 3.60 s as 47 N.

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Option 2) is true. If the mass of the black hole doubles, then the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole also doubles.

The Schwarzschild radius of a black hole depends on its mass. When the mass of the black hole changes, its Schwarzschild radius is also affected. Specifically, if we double the mass of a black hole, the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole also doubles. The Schwarzschild radius is defined as the distance from the center of a black hole at which an object would need to be in order to escape its gravitational pull. It is represented by the equation Rs = 2GM/c² where Rs is the Schwarzschild radius, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the black hole, and c is the speed of light.

The formula implies that Schwarzschild radius depends on the mass of the black hole.Therefore, if the mass of the black hole doubles, then the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole also doubles. Hence, option 2 is the correct statement.

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The relationship between the velocity of a fluid and the size of the sediment that the fluid carries is directly proportional.

Higher velocity fluids are capable of carrying larger sediments while lower-velocity fluids are capable of carrying smaller sediments. This is due to the fact that higher-velocity fluids have greater kinetic energy, which allows them to overcome the gravitational forces that hold larger sediments in place.

A fluid is a substance that is able to flow and take on the shape of the container it is placed in, with the ability to deform under applied shear stress. Examples of fluids include liquids and gases. In contrast, solids maintain their shape and volume under applied stress.

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Explanation:  Gases move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. And the bigger the difference between the pressures, the faster the air will move from the high to the low pressure.

The structure described by the scientist, which is an oily sphere with an inner fluid, is most likely a lipid vesicle.

Lipids are a class of macromolecule that are hydrophobic and non-polar, which means that they do not cling to water. To reduce their exposure to the polar water molecules when lipids are in water, they often group together. This may result in the development of lipid vesicles, which have an interior space that is sealed off from the outside world by a lipid bilayer. Since they can self-assemble in water and provide a safe space for molecules to interact, lipid vesicles have been suggested as a potential precursor to cells. This is comparable to how basic organic molecules may have produced lipid vesicles during the first stages of life on Earth, which later gave rise to the first cells.

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The star is moving away from you. This is indicated by the fact that the observed wavelength (502.8 nm) is longer than the laboratory wavelength (500.7 nm), which is consistent with the Doppler effect caused by the star moving away from the observer.

What is Doppler effect?

The Doppler effect, named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is commonly observed with sound waves, but can also occur with light waves and other types of waves. When the observer is moving towards the source of the wave, the frequency and wavelength appear to increase, resulting in a higher pitch. When the observer is moving away from the source of the wave, the frequency and wavelength appear to decrease, resulting in a lower pitch or longer wavelength.

What is wavelength?

Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, or at the same point in their cycle. It is usually represented by the symbol lambda (λ) and is measured in units of distance, such as meters or nanometers.

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Scientists use the periodic table to study elements because it provides a systematic and organized way to classify and understand the properties of elements. The periodic table is a table of chemical elements arranged in order of their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A proton is a subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a positive electrical charge, which is equal in magnitude to the negative charge of an electron. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the element to which it belongs, as each element has a unique number of protons.

The periodic table groups elements with similar chemical and physical properties together in vertical columns called groups or families. Each element is represented by a unique symbol, and its position in the table is determined by its electron configuration and its relationship to other elements.

Using the periodic table, scientists can easily determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, as well as its atomic mass, electronegativity, and other important properties. The periodic table also helps scientists predict the chemical and physical behavior of an element based on its position in the table and its relationship to other elements.

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The percent change in the kinetic energy of the system is [(0.5*(12100 + 4790)*1722) - 5.58 x 106] / (5.58 x 106) x 100% = 4.41%.

The 12100 kg railroad car is initially travelling at a speed of 19.0 m/s and has a kinetic energy of KE = 0.5*12100*1902 = 5.58 x 106 Joules. The 4790 kg load is dropped onto the car from rest, so its initial kinetic energy is 0.

When the load is dropped onto the car, the two objects collide and their velocities after the collision will be equal. Therefore, the final speed of both the railroad car and the load will be v = (12100*19 + 4790*0) / (12100 + 4790) = 17.2 m/s. The percent change in the kinetic energy of the system is [(0.5*(12100 + 4790)*1722) - 5.58 x 106] / (5.58 x 106) x 100% = 4.41%.

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The given statement is true because the angle between the magnetic field and the current is 180 degrees, which maximizes the sine function in the cross-product formula used to calculate the force.

The direction of the force is given by the right-hand rule, where the thumb points in the direction of the current, the fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field, and the palm points in the direction of the force.

When the direction of the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the current, the wire experiences a maximum force.

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The normal force exerted by all three pillars in the given arrangement is 32.7 N.

To calculate the normal force exerted by each pillar, we can first find the weight of the 10-kg mass:

w = mg = (10 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 98 N

Since the mass and plate are in static equilibrium, the net force acting on the mass and plate must be zero. Therefore, the sum of the normal forces exerted by each pillar must equal the weight of the mass:

F1 + F2 + F3 = w

We can also use the fact that the normal force is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the mass on the pillars:

F1 = -f, F2 = -f, F3 = -f

where f is the force exerted by the mass on each pillar.

Therefore, we can rewrite the equation as:

-f - f - f = -3f = -w

Solving for f, we get:

f = w/3 = 98 N / 3 ≈ 32.7 N

Therefore, the normal force exerted by each pillar is approximately 32.7 N.

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The types of energy in a wave come from the elevation of the wave (potential) and the motion of the water particles in their orbits (kinetic).

Energy is the ability to do work. The energy of a wave is measured by its amplitude or wave height. The more energy a wave has, the higher its amplitude. The energy of the wave is the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water molecules that make up the wave.

A wave has potential energy, which is the energy it possesses due to its position. When a wave is high, it has a lot of potential energy, which can be used to do work. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when the wave moves.

The water particles that make up the wave are in motion. This motion is referred to as kinetic energy. The energy is generated when the wave is in motion. The faster the wave moves, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy when the wave is at its peak.

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(a) The flowing current is 1.08 A. (b) The EMF of the battery is 9.16 V.

It is given data that the resistance of the resistor (R) = 8.00 V and the voltage across the battery (V) = 9.00 V. The internal resistance of the battery (r) = 0.15 V

Formula used:

V = EMF - I * rV = IR

Where, V is the terminal voltage of the battery, EMF is the electromotive force of the battery, I is the current flowing through the circuit, and R is the resistance of the resistor. r is the internal resistance of the battery

(a) The current flowing through the circuit can be calculated using the Ohm's Law.

V = IR

I = V / R

I = 9 / (8 + 0.15)

I = 1.08 A

The current flowing through the circuit is 1.08 A.

(b) Find the emf of the battery:

We know that,

V = EMF - I * r

EMF = V + I * r

EMF = 9 + 1.08 * 0.15

EMF = 9.16 V

The emf of the battery is 9.16 V.

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c) the kinetic energy increases by more than a factor of three. A three-fold increase in an object's speed occurs. The kinetic energy rises by a factor of greater than three.

An object's kinetic energy (KE) is determined by the equation KE = 1/2mv2, where m is the object's mass and v is its velocity. An object's kinetic energy is multiplied by nine (32) when its velocity is raised by a factor of three. This is due to the fact that kinetic energy is inversely proportional to square of velocity, meaning that any change in velocity will have a bigger impact on kinetic energy.

It follows that if an object's speed is raised by a factor of three, its kinetic energy will also rise by a factor of three or more.

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A 37.5 kg box initially at rest is pushed 5.40 m along a rough, horizontal floor with a constant applied horizontal force of 150 N. If the coefficient of friction between box and floor is 0.300, the following can be found:

a. The work done by the applied force is equal to the product of the force and the displacement

Work = Fd = (150N)(5.40m) = 810 J.

b. The increase in internal energy in the box-floor system due to friction is equal to the work done by the friction force, Work done by friction = Frd = (μN)(5.40m) = (0.3)(37.5kg*9.8m/s²)(5.40m) = 546.1 J.

c. The work done by the normal force is zero because the normal force does not cause displacement,

Work done by normal force = 0.

d. The work done by the gravitational force is equal to the product of the gravitational force and the displacement, Work done by gravitational force = Fd = (mg)(5.40m) = (37.5kg*9.8m/s²)(5.40m) = 1817.9 J.

e. The change in kinetic energy of the box is equal to the work done by the applied force minus the work done by the friction and gravitational forces,

Change in kinetic energy = Work done by applied force - Work done by friction - Work done by gravitational force = 810 J - 546.1 J - 1817.9 J = -655 J.

f. The final speed of the box can be calculated using the equation

KE = 1/2mv2,

thus the final speed of the box is

v = sqrt(2KE/m) = sqrt(2(-655 J)/(37.5 kg)) = 1.62 m/s.

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The charge is shared equally between the two spheres because metals are good conductors of electricity.

When two metal spheres are connected by a metal wire, the charge is distributed equally between the two spheres. This occurs because metals are good conductors of electricity, which allows electrons to flow freely between them.

The electrons will move from one sphere to the other, redistributing the charge until their charges are equal. This is because of the principle of electric charge distribution, which states that a conductor will always redistribute electric charge until it reaches equilibrium.

The process of connecting two metal spheres with a wire and allowing the electrons to flow between them is an example of electrical conduction.

This is a fundamental process in electrical circuits and is the basis for many important technologies, including electronics, power generation, and transmission.

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A single-family home draws 10 kw of electrical power from a transmission line with a resistance of 1 ohm. The power is lost in the transmission line if it is operated (a) at b. 13.8 kV.

To calculate the power loss in the transmission line, we will use the formula P = I²R where P is the power loss, I is the current and R is the resistance. The current I can be found using Ohm’s law V = IR where V is the voltage. We can express I as I = V/R. P is given by P = I²RWe can rewrite I in terms of V and R as I = V/R. Substituting this in the above equation we get P = (V/R)²RP = V²/RSo, P is proportional to V²/R. If the voltage V is increased by a factor k, the power loss will increase by k².

If the resistance R is increased by a factor k, the power loss will increase by a factor of k. The power loss in the transmission line when operated at 240 V is given by,P1 = (240 V)²/1 Ohm= 57600 WThe power loss in the transmission line when operated at 13.8 kV is given by,P2 = (13.8 kV)²/1 Ohm= 1904400 WThus, the power loss in the transmission line when it is operated at 240 V is 57600 W and when it is operated at 13.8 kV is 1904400 W.

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The power, in terms of p0, dissipated by the given circuit is equal to 0.06p0².

Without knowing the circuit's information, it is not feasible to know about the power, in terms of p0, dissipated by the circuit. Let us consider an instance that the circuit the following:

Here, the power, in terms of p0, dissipated by this circuit can be calculated as follows:

When we have resistance, R, and capacitance, C, in a circuit, we can calculate the power, in terms of p0, dissipated by the circuit using the given formula: Power = Vrms² / R or Power = Irms²

Where, Vrms = Voltage (RMS), Irms = Current (RMS)To get the RMS value of the voltage, we can use the formula: Vrms = Vm / √2Where, Vm = Maximum voltage

To get the RMS value of the current, we can use the formula: Irms = Im / √2

Where, Im = Maximum current

The given circuit can be solved as follows: Irms = Vrms / XC

Where XC is the capacitive reactance.XC = 1 / (2πfC)

Where f is the frequency and C is the capacitance of the circuit. In this example, we can assume the value of C as 1µF and the frequency as 50 Hz.

Thus, XC = 1 / (2π x 50 x 1 x 10⁻⁶) ≈ 3183.1Ω

Let the value of R be 1000Ω.

Substituting these values in the equation for Irms, Irms = 10 / √(1000² + 3183.1²) ≈ 2.984mAIrms² = (2.984 x 10⁻³)² ≈ 8.905 x 10⁻⁶ Watts

To find Vrms, Vm is required.

Let us consider Vm = 300V. Thus, Vrms = 300 / √2 ≈ 212.13V

Power, in terms of p0, dissipated by this circuit = Irms² R≈ 8.905 x 10⁻⁶ x 1000 = 0.008905 WIn terms of p0,

the power dissipated by the circuit = 0.06p0².

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The magnitude of the total acceleration of the pin when t=0 is 1.2 in/s^2.

To explain further, the acceleration of the pin is the sum of two components: tangential acceleration and centripetal acceleration. The tangential acceleration is responsible for increasing the speed of the pin, and its magnitude is constant at 1.2 in/s^2.

The centripetal acceleration is due to the circular motion of the pin in the slot CD and is directed towards the center of the circle.

To find the magnitude of the total acceleration at t=0, we need to first find the magnitude of the tangential acceleration and the centripetal acceleration separately. We know that the tangential acceleration is 1.2 in/s^2, and we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration, a_c = v^2/r, where v is the velocity of the pin and r is the radius of the circle. At t=0, the velocity of the pin is zero, and the radius of the circle is 3.5 inches.

Therefore, the centripetal acceleration is also zero.

Since the centripetal acceleration is zero, the magnitude of the total acceleration is equal to the magnitude of the tangential acceleration, which is 1.2 in/s^2.

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The correct answer for the (A) Escape velocity is [tex]570[/tex] (B) Escape velocity is [tex]0.57[/tex] in Km/h and (c). Escape velocity is [tex]1.27[/tex] in mph.

Given:

Diameter of asteroid D = [tex]10[/tex] km

Radius R = [tex]5[/tex] Km

Density [tex]\rho[/tex]  = [tex]3000[/tex] kg/m³

Unit conversion;

[tex]1[/tex] m/s  = [tex]0.001[/tex] Km/s

[tex]1[/tex] m/s  = [tex]2.23694[/tex] mph

(A)To calculate Escape velocity:

Use the formula;

[tex]v_e = \sqrt{\dfrac{2GM}{R} }[/tex]

Gravitational Constant [tex]G[/tex] = [tex]6.67430[/tex]

To calculate Mass([tex]M[/tex]) of the asteroid, Calculate Volume([tex]V[/tex]) of the sphere and multiply it with density([tex]\rho[/tex]).

[tex]V= \dfrac{4}{3} \pi R^3 \\\\\rho = \dfrac{M}{V}[/tex]

[tex]M = \rho*V[/tex]

= [tex]523598775000[/tex] Kg

Escape velocity:

[tex]v_e = \sqrt{\dfrac{2*6.67430 * 10^{-11} * 523598775000}{5000} }[/tex]

[tex]= 570[/tex] m/s

(B)Escape velocity in Km/s:

[tex]v_e = \dfrac{570}{1000}[/tex]

[tex]= 0.57[/tex]  Km/s

(B)Escape velocity in mph:

[tex]v_e = 0.57 * 2.23694[/tex]

[tex]= 1.27[/tex] mph

Escape velocity is [tex]570[/tex] m/s. In Km/h is [tex]0.57[/tex] and In mph is [tex]1.27[/tex] .

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a) The mechanical energy of a system is conserved if air resistance is ignored. (b) For this situation, two types of potential energy exist: gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.

Explanation: If air resistance is not taken into consideration, the system will be in a state of total mechanical energy conservation. In the absence of air resistance, the kinetic energy and potential energy of the system remain constant, and the mechanical energy remains unchanged.

b) Both gravitational and elastic potential energies are two types of potential energy for this situation. Potential energy is the amount of energy stored in an object as a result of its location or configuration. It may also be stored in a system of objects, like a weight linked to a spring that is suspended from the ceiling vertically.

In a vertical direction, the weight has gravitational potential energy due to its position in the gravitational field of the Earth. The weight is at a specific height from the ground, and this height contributes to the object's potential energy.

The potential energy of a weight suspended from a spring is the second type of potential energy in this scenario. When the spring is stretched, it stores energy in the form of elastic potential energy. The spring's potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as it vibrates up and down.

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Answer:

B The light will bend upward as is indicated by arrow A.

Explanation:

I just did the progress learning test

The part of electromagnetic spectrum lying between the ultraviolet region and the gamma ray region is x-rays.

The smallest known wavelengths and greatest frequency are found in gamma rays. They are the most piercing waves because they have high energy and can travel great lengths through air. X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV radiation, but longer wavelengths than gamma radiation, making them more energetic.

The electromagnetic energy known as ultraviolet has a frequency of 30 PHz to 750 THz and a wavelength of 10 nm to 400 nm. These particles have wavelengths that are both shorter than visible light and longer than X-rays.

Thus, the x-ray area of the electromagnetic spectrum is located between the ultraviolet and gamma ray regions.

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