Explanation:
In April 1963 King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined with Birmingham, Alabama’s existing local movement, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in a massive direct action campaign to attack the city’s segregation system by putting pressure on Birmingham’s merchants during the Easter season, the second biggest shopping season of the year. As ACMHR founder Fred Shuttlesworth stated in the group’s “Birmingham Manifesto,” the campaign was “a moral witness to give our community a chance to survive” (ACMHR, 3 April 1963).
The campaign was originally scheduled to begin in early March 1963, but was postponed until 2 April when the relatively moderate Albert Boutwell defeated Birmingham’s segregationist commissioner of public safety, Eugene “Bull” Connor, in a run-off mayoral election. On 3 April the desegregation campaign was launched with a series of mass meetings, direct actions, lunch counter sit-ins, marches on City Hall, and a boycott of downtown merchants. King spoke to black citizens about the philosophy of nonviolence and its methods, and extended appeals for volunteers at the end of the mass meetings. With the number of volunteers increasing daily, actions soon expanded to kneel-ins at churches, sit-ins at the library, and a march on the county building to register voters. Hundreds were arrested.
On 10 April the city government obtained a state circuit court injunction against the protests. After heavy debate, campaign leaders decided to disobey the court order. King declared: “We cannot in all good conscience obey such an injunction which is an unjust, undemocratic and unconstitutional misuse of the legal process” (ACMHR, 11 April 1963). Plans to continue to submit to arrest were threatened, however, because the money available for cash bonds was depleted, so leaders could no longer guarantee that arrested protesters would be released. King contemplated whether he and Ralph Abernathy should be arrested. Given the lack of bail funds, King’s services as a fundraiser were desperately needed, but King also worried that his failure to submit to arrests might undermine his credibility. King concluded that he must risk going to jail in Birmingham. He told his colleagues: “I don’t know what will happen; I don’t know where the money will come from. But I have to make a faith act” (King, 73).
On Good Friday, 12 April, King was arrested in Birmingham after violating the anti-protest injunction and was kept in solitary confinement. During this time King penned the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” on the margins of the Birmingham News, in reaction to a statement published in that newspaper by eight Birmingham clergymen condemning the protests. King’s request to call his wife, Coretta Scott King, who was at home in Atlanta recovering from the birth of their fourth child, was denied. After she communicated her concern to the Kennedy administration, Birmingham officials permitted King to call home. Bail money was made available, and he was released on 20 April 1963.
In order to sustain the campaign, SCLC organizer James Bevel proposed using young children in demonstrations. Bevel’s rationale for the Children’s Crusade was that young people represented an untapped source of freedom fighters without the prohibitive responsibilities of older activists. On 2 May more than 1,000 African American students attempted to march into downtown Birmingham, and hundreds were arrested. When hundreds more gathered the following day, Commissioner Connor directed local police and fire departments to use force to halt the demonstrations. During the next few days images of children being blasted by high-pressure fire hoses, clubbed by police officers, and attacked by police dogs appeared on television and in newspapers, triggering international outrage. While leading a group of child marchers, Shuttlesworth himself was hit with the full force of a fire hose and had to be hospitalized. King offered encouragement to parents of the young protesters: “Don’t worry about your children, they’re going to be alright. Don’t hold them back if they want to go to jail. For they are doing a job for not only themselves, but for all of America and for all mankind” (King, 6 May 1963).
In the meantime, the white business structure was weakening under adverse publicity and the unexpected decline in business due to the boycott, but many business owners and city officials were reluctant to negotiate with the protesters. With national pressure on the White House also mounting, Attorney General Robert Kennedy sent Burke Marshall, his chief civil rights assistant, to facilitate negotiations between prominent black citizens and representatives of Birmingham’s Senior Citizen's Council, the city’s business leadership.
what was the goal of many laws congress passed in the lead-up to the civil war?
The goal of many laws passed by Congress in the lead-up to the Civil War was to address the issue of slavery and its expansion into new territories.
In particular, there were debates about whether or not slavery should be allowed in the western territories that were not yet states. Some politicians and activists believed that slavery should be abolished or restricted, while others believed that it should be allowed to expand. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 were all attempts to find a solution to this issue, but they ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of the Civil War. The goal of these laws was to maintain the delicate balance between free and slave states and to prevent the disintegration of the United States.
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How do President Washington’s thoughts about political parties reinforce or support his claims about patriotism
President Washington's thoughts about political parties reinforced his claims about patriotism by emphasizing the importance of national unity and the dangers of partisan divisiveness.
He believed that political parties could lead to the creation of factions that put their own interests ahead of the country as a whole, which could lead to internal strife and weaken the nation's ability to defend itself against external threats. By urging Americans to prioritize their loyalty to the country over their allegiance to any particular political party, Washington was making a case for a kind of patriotism that transcends partisan politics and promotes the common good. In this way, his views on political parties were consistent with his vision of what it means to be a true patriot.
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under the leadership of munich zoo director heinz heck, scientists in nazi germany launched a program...
Under the leadership of Munich Zoo director Heinz Heck, scientists in Nazi Germany launched a program called "breeding back" or "backbreeding" in the 1930s.
In the 1930s, under the leadership of Munich Zoo director Heinz Heck, Nazi Germany launched a program called breeding back or backbreeding. This program sought to selectively breed zoo animals in order to create new species that were genetically similar to animals that had gone extinct thousands of years ago.
While the project ultimately proved to be unsuccessful, it provided important insight into animal breeding and preservation, paving the way for important conservation efforts that we continue to benefit from today.
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Central to the Nullification Crisis was the debate over whether states
A. refuse to pay federal taxes.
B. regulate international trade.
C. secede from the country.
D. print their own currency.
Answer:
regulate international trade
what did sacajawea’s presence assure other indian groups the expedition encountered further west?
Sacagawea's presence as an interpreter for the Lewis and Clark Expedition assured other Indian groups they encountered further west that the expedition was not a war party.
Sacagawea's presence as an interpreter on the Lewis and Clark Expedition played an integral role in the success of the mission. Not only did she offer insight on geography, food, and local customs, but her presence was a symbol of peaceful relations and the presence of the United States government.
Her presence as an interpreter assured other Indian groups they encountered further west that the expedition was not a war party, which in turn enabled them to build trusting relationships and achieve their mission objectives.
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alexander lukashenko, the dictator of belarus, is accused of poisoning his chief rival with a deadly soviet-style nerve agent. why?
Belarus opposition leader Alexei Navalny was poisoned with a nerve agent in August 2020. President Lukashenko has not been directly accused, and international agencies are investigating the incident to determine responsibility.
In August 2020, the opposition leader of Belarus, Alexei Navalny, was poisoned with a nerve agent. Navalny is known for his criticisms of President Lukashenko, the leader of Belarus. However, it is important to note that President Lukashenko has not been directly accused of the poisoning. The incident is still under investigation by various international agencies, and the details surrounding the attack are not yet fully understood. It is a highly controversial incident, and many are calling for a transparent and thorough investigation to determine those responsible for the attack.
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what the discovery of stone tools in the 19th century and bones of extinct mammals together in the same deposit in France is the first confirmation?
The discovery of stone tools in the 19th century and bones of extinct mammals together in the same deposit in France is the first confirmation of the coexistence of ancient humans and extinct animals.
An ancient human is an extinct subspecies of Homo sapiens. The oldest human fossils, which date back to the Lower Paleolithic era about 300,000 years ago, are from the Homo heidelbergensis species. The first archaeological evidence of hominins in France dates back to around 1.6 million years ago, and since then the region has seen a wide range of human cultures and civilizations, as well as numerous animal extinctions.
In the 19th century, the discovery of ancient tools and animal remains in France provided the first confirmation of the coexistence of ancient humans and extinct animals. This discovery demonstrated that humans had been living on the planet for far longer than previously believed and that they had been present in Europe during the Pleistocene epoch, which began about 2.5 million years ago and ended around 11,700 years ago.
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Why tecmuesh thought the treaties made with individual Native American nations were worthless
Answer:
Tecumseh believed that the treaties made with individual Native American nations were worthless because he felt they were not negotiated fairly and did not respect the sovereignty of Native American nations. He advocated for a pan-Indian alliance to protect their land, resources, and way of life.
Explanation:
Tecumseh was a Shawnee warrior and chief who lived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He believed that the treaties made with individual Native American nations by the United States government were worthless because he felt they were not negotiated fairly and did not respect the sovereignty of Native American nations.
Tecumseh believed that the United States government was taking advantage of Native American nations by offering them unfair treaties that were not in their best interests. He believed that the government was deliberately dividing Native American nations and forcing them to give up their land, resources, and sovereignty through the use of unfair treaty negotiations.
Tecumseh argued that Native American nations needed to come together as a unified front to resist these unfair treaties and protect their sovereignty. He called for a pan-Indian alliance, where Native American nations would set aside their differences and work together to protect their land, resources, and way of life.
In summary, Tecumseh believed that the treaties made with individual Native American nations were worthless because he felt they were not negotiated fairly and did not respect the sovereignty of Native American nations. He advocated for a pan-Indian alliance to protect their land, resources, and way of life.
analog discovery 2 oscilloscope probes are differential while benchtop oscilloscope is not. (true or false)
The statement "Analog Discovery 2 oscilloscope probes are differential while benchtop oscilloscope is not" is generally true.
An oscilloscope is a device used to measure electric waveforms. The waveform is described by plotting the voltage on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. It is an essential tool in the design, maintenance, and repair of electronic equipment.
An oscilloscope has many applications in fields like science, engineering, medicine, and telecommunications.
There are two types of probes used in oscilloscopes: passive and active probes. Passive probes rely solely on the voltage in the circuit under investigation, while active probes use transistors to boost the signal before it reaches the oscilloscope's input. Oscilloscope probes come in various designs, but they all work on the same principle.
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4. Critically discuss ways in which the government of South Africa attempts to fight corruption and ensure efficient service delivery with reference to The Rule of Law and accountability
The Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act (PRECCA) is South Africa's fundamental anti-bribery and anti-corruption rules and is akin to the United Kingdom's Bribery Act. PRECCA creates a usual offence of corruption that is generally defined.
What is the South African authorities doing to deal with crime?Government has prioritised its response to the growing hassle of crook groups that extort money from construction and other businesses. Specialised gadgets – bringing collectively the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the National Prosecuting Authority – are mandated to combat these crimes of economic disruption.
Corruption in South Africa includes the improper use of public resources for non-public ends, such as bribery and unsuitable favouritism.
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Aruni Kashyap is the author of the short tale "The Sadness Collector". The impact of loss and sadness on a person's life and the significance of developing coping mechanisms are the story's main themes.
A little girl who is the story's protagonist loses her mother, and as a result, she is overcome with despair. When she encounters a guy who collects melancholy, he teaches her that dealing with sadness involves acknowledging it and letting it out in constructive ways.
The concept that sadness may be shared and that we do not have to experience it alone is also explored in the narrative. Talking to the man about her mother and expressing her sorrow with him gives the girl solace.
Essentially, the author's message is that melancholy is a normal part of life and that it's important to learn appropriate coping mechanisms. The tale also underlines how crucial it is to communicate with people and share our experiences in order to get over loss and sadness.
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Opportunity Cost George Amy Flats 16 14 Breaks 8 8
Answer:
George fixes 16 flats or 8 brakes per day. Amy. ... Amy fixes 14 flats ... cost goes Over (IOU) Input problems Opportunity cost goes Under.
Explanation:
Why did the Greeks lay siege to Troy?
The Greeks laid siege to Troy in order to avenge the kidnapping of Helen of Troy, who was the wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta. This action was known as the Trojan War, which lasted for a total of 10 years.The Greeks laid siege to Troy because they wanted to get back Helen, the wife of Menelaus, who was kidnapped by Paris, a Trojan prince.
The Greeks believed that they had a right to Helen, as she was the wife of Menelaus, their king. This led to a long and bloody war that lasted for ten years.According to the legend, Menelaus, the king of Sparta, had taken Helen as his wife, and she was considered the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris, the Trojan prince, saw her and fell in love with her. He then took her to Troy, which led to a great war between the Greeks and the Trojans.The siege of Troy is considered one of the most famous battles in history. It is believed that the war lasted for ten years, and during this time, the Greeks laid siege to the city of Troy. They built a giant wooden horse and hid soldiers inside it. When the Trojans took the horse inside their walls, the soldiers came out and attacked the city from within. This led to the downfall of Troy, and the Greeks were victorious.
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In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by
Answer: Winning battles at Trenton and Princeton
Explanation:
Answer:
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by winning battles at Trenton and Princeton.
Explanation:
alice paul grew up attending what type of meetings with her mother?
Alice Paul grew up attending Quaker meetings with her mother, Tacie Paul.
Quaker meetings are gatherings of members of the Religious Society of Friends, who sit together in silence to meditate and seek divine guidance. Quakers believe in the equality of all people and have a long history of activism for social justice and human rights. Alice's exposure to these meetings likely had a profound influence on her later activism and her commitment to fighting for women's suffrage and other social justice causes. Quaker values of peace, equality, and social justice provided a strong foundation for Alice's lifelong commitment to activism and advocacy.
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what was rowlatt act 1919? Olevel 4 marks
Answer:
Explanation:
act that made police arrest people without permission from any court
What is the most compelling reason why Bessie Coleman's experience demonstrates that change was possible for all women?
Answer:
She pursued her lifelong career goal in aviation and persisted until she accomplished it.
Explanation:
The Harlem Renaissance was both an intellectual and cultural rebirth of the African American experience. It encouraged free thinking and the pursuit of nontraditional goals for historically marginalized people. However, what was most compelling was the fact that African Americans and women were making strides to expand their life pursuits beyond traditional women's roles. Coleman pursued an aviation education in a foreign country so she could learn to fly. This gave her the confidence to come back to the US and be an example for African Americans and women. Her experience proved that with focus and persistence, barriers could be overcome, and people, governmental systems, and authorities could change as a result.
PLATO :)
Answer:
see image
Explanation:
the telescope was greatly improved by which historical figure?
The telescope was greatly improved by Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer and physicist, in the early 17th century.
In 1609, Galileo heard about the invention of the telescope and quickly set to work building his own. He made a series of improvements to the design, including increasing the magnification power by using a convex lens in the eyepiece and a concave mirror in the objective lens.
With his improved telescope, Galileo made groundbreaking observations of the moon, Jupiter's moons, sunspots, and the phases of Venus, among other celestial objects. These observations provided evidence for the heliocentric model of the solar system and helped to revolutionize our understanding of the universe.
Galileo's work laid the foundation for the development of modern telescopes, which have continued to evolve and improve over the centuries, enabling us to make ever more detailed observations of the cosmos.
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identify one of the reasons the number of french colonists in canada were much lower than the number of british and dutch colonists in north america.
One of the main reasons for the lower number of French colonists in Canada compared to British and Dutch colonists in North America was "the French government's policy of allowing only Catholics to settle in New France".
This policy, established in 1627, limited the pool of potential settlers, as many non-Catholic French citizens were unwilling or unable to convert to Catholicism. In contrast, British and Dutch colonies had more religious tolerance and attracted a wider range of settlers.
Additionally, the harsh climate and difficult living conditions in Canada may have made it less appealing to potential French settlers, who may have preferred warmer and more hospitable colonies further south.
The French government had a centralized control over the settlement of New France, which led to limited private investment and entrepreneurial activities in the region. This, in turn, made it harder for New France to grow and prosper, unlike the British and Dutch colonies.
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What are the three major parts to the United States Constitution?
The United States Constitution is divided into three major parts:
The Preamble: This is the introductory statement of the Constitution, which sets out the purpose and goals of the document. It begins with the famous words, "We the People," and outlines the basic principles and values that underpin the Constitution.
The Articles: The main body of the Constitution is divided into seven articles, each of which sets out the powers and functions of the different branches of the federal government. Article I establishes the legislative branch (Congress), Article II establishes the executive branch (the presidency), and Article III establishes the judicial branch (the Supreme Court). The other articles cover topics such as the relationship between the federal government and the states, the amendment process, and the supremacy of the Constitution.
The Amendments: The Constitution has been amended 27 times since it was first ratified in 1788. The first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were added in 1791 and protect individual liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. Subsequent amendments address a variety of issues, including voting rights, presidential succession, and the prohibition of slavery.
Answer:
The Preamble: This is the first sentence of the Constitution. It says what the Constitution is for and what its goals are.The Articles: There are seven articles that explain how the federal government works, including what powers the legislative, executive, and judicial branches have and how the federal government and the states work together.The Amendments: The Constitution has been changed 27 times since it was written. The first ten, which were added in 1791 and are known as the Bill of Rights, list the rights and freedoms of each person, such as freedom of speech and religion, the right to bear arms, and protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. Later amendments have dealt with things like slavery, voting rights, and the number of terms a president can serve.Para finalizar, vamos a proponer acciones argumentadas teniendo en cuenta la práctica de valores, el respeto de los derechos y el cumplimiento de deberes para construir el país que anhelamos. Toma en cuenta lo siguiente: Prioriza algunos valores trabajados, toma en cuenta los derechos que hemos venido trabajando. Propuestas Argumentos Cuidar nuestra escuela, manteniendo el orden y limpieza, compartiendo los espacios
Value of responsibility: By taking care of our school and keeping it clean and organised, we are demonstrating our responsibility towards the space we share and the larger educational community.This acciones
It is essential to put values based actions in practise, to respect human rights, and to fulfil obligations in order to build the country we want. In that sense, one of the things we can do is take care of our school by acciones keeping it clean and organised and by sharing the spaces. This action is based on the principles of responsibility, solidarity, and environmental protection, as well as the right to a healthy environment and the need to protect the environment. By carrying out this action, we are the acciones development of a more fair,equitable, and sustainable
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which peice of evidence summarizes what the goal of establishing sharecroppingand tenant farming was?
A:"Theese types of farmers were typically poor and could not read".
B:"the farmers attempted to try sharecropping and tenant farms to reestablish agriculture in georgia."
C:"many were taken away"
D:"Technology advancements further reduced the number of tenants and sharecropping".
Answer: The piece of evidence that summarizes the goal of establishing sharecropping and tenant farming is:
B: "the farmers attempted to try sharecropping and tenant farms to reestablish agriculture in Georgia."
Explanation:
This statement suggests that the primary goal of sharecropping and tenant farming was to revive and sustain agricultural production in Georgia by providing land to farmers who could not afford to purchase their own.
Traditional dresses in india vary on the basis of
Traditional dresses in India vary on the basis of climate, geography, ethnicity, customs, and cultural heritage of respective areas.
While recent immigrants' dress, in particular, reflects their many cultural backgrounds, cowboy hats, boots, denim, and leather motorcycle jackets are distinctively American looks. Traditions for holidays like Thanksgiving, Mardi Gras, and the Fourth of July date back hundreds of years
One of America's oldest traditions is the pardoning of a turkey, which is one of the presidential customs. Even if they are produced in developing nations, buying clothing in the US might be more affordable if you wait until they are on sale or normally get it from an outlet mall.
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By the end of the War of 1812, industry—particularly ______—had experienced dramatic growth.textilescotton
By the end of the War of 1812, industry—particularly textiles—had experienced dramatic growth.
The War of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain, had disrupted trade and led to shortages of imported goods, including textiles. This created an opportunity for American entrepreneurs to invest in textile manufacturing, which had previously been dominated by British industry. The war also stimulated the growth of other industries, such as iron and coal, as the demand for these resources increased. This growth of industry was a significant factor in the economic development of the United States in the 19th century.
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ah ch. 25: the united states in world war ii i. mobilization on the home front americans join the war effort 1. what was the rallying cry for u.s. entry into world war ii? 2. how many volunteered for military service during world war ii? 3. how many additional soldiers did the selective service system provide? 4. what does the term gi mean?
1. The rallying cry for the US entry into World War II was a surprise attack on the US naval base in Pearl Harbor.
2. More than 16 million volunteered for military service during World War II.
3. The Selective Service System provided an additional 10 million soldiers.
4. The term GI means government issue.
What was the rallying cry for the United States' entry into World War II?The surprise attack on the US naval base in Pearl Harbor was the rallying cry for the United States' entry into World War II. In 1941, Japanese pilots launched a surprise attack on the US Navy base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, killing 2,403 people and injuring over 1,000 others.
This prompted the US to enter World War II, and President Roosevelt declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941.
How many volunteers were there for military service during World War II?During World War II, more than 16 million people volunteered for military service. After the war began, the government had to enlist more soldiers in order to satisfy the increasing demand for troops.
How many soldiers did the Selective Service System provide?The Selective Service System provided an additional 10 million soldiers during World War II. It was a government agency that was responsible for drafting young men into military service.
What does the term GI mean?The term GI stands for government issue. It was a term used during World War II to refer to soldiers who were issued with government supplies such as clothing, food, and equipment.
The term became popular among US soldiers, and is still used today to refer to members of the US armed forces.
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According to Schimmel, what character was often depicted in early conflict paintings?
A) A benevolent missionary
B) A Native American woman tending the land
C) A medicine man
D) A female victim
E) None of these
According to Schimmel, A female victim character was often depicted in early conflict paintings.
Writing from a perspective that favors the study of art over the past, Schimmel frequently glosses over the past interactions between European people and Native Americans. Schimmel concentrates more on the treatment of Indigenous peoples as an ethnic group than on how each person was treated. Her work mainly discusses how Americans in painting have brutally treated Natives. Plenty of the "dark behavior side," credulous godless " barbarians," and those at odds with Western society were depicted on canvas. Natives romanticized as the "pure" man, an autonomous school who lived outside of society but embodied wilderness "virtues," as imagined by the whites as a substitute models.
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True or False: Many newly independent African nations faced civil wars, unrest, and violence in the 1960s and 1970s.
who was the first woman to fly solo across the atlantic
The first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic was Amelia Earhart.
She was an American aviation pioneer and author who set many flying records during her lifetime. She was born on July 24, 1897, and went missing on July 2, 1937, while attempting to fly around the world.The flight across the Atlantic that made her famous was on May 20-21, 1932. She flew from Newfoundland to Ireland in her single-engine plane named The Spirit of St. Louis. Earhart completed the journey in approximately 15 hours, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
Her accomplishment was widely celebrated around the world and earned her a ticker-tape parade in New York City.Earhart was not only a pioneering aviator but also a women's rights activist and a supporter of other female pilots. She served as a faculty member at Purdue University and as an editor of Cosmopolitan magazine's aviation section. She remains a prominent symbol of women's empowerment and aviation to this day.Therefore, Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.
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what is the difference between pancakes and flapjacks
Supposedly an American invention, pancakes are thicker than crepes. Flapjacks are made with brown sugar, butter, and golden syrup while pancakes are made with flour, milk, eggs, butter, and baking powder. For some of us, pancakes are also known as flapjacks.
What is pancakes?A pancake is a flat, typically round, cake made from a starch-based batter that can also include eggs, milk, and butter. Pancakes are typically fried in oil or butter on a heated surface like a griddle or frying pan. It's a specific kind of battered bread. Use a griddle or frying pan that has been prepared to the appropriate temperature, sift the dry ingredients, omit the milk in favor of buttermilk or yogurt, separate the eggs, and beat the whites until firm. Also, give your batter a 15-minute rest period before using it.Although butter has a delicious flavor, it browns too rapidly in your hot skillet to be suitable for creating pancakes.To learn more about flapjacks, refer to:
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which us general lead american forces in iraq from 2007 to 2008?
General David Petraeus led American forces in Iraq from 2007 to 2008.
He was appointed by President George W. Bush as the commander of the Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF-I) in January 2007, replacing General George Casey.
As commander of the MNF-I, Petraeus oversaw the implementation of the "surge" strategy, which involved increasing the number of American troops in Iraq to provide security and stability in the country. The surge was credited with reducing violence and improving security in Iraq during Petraeus's tenure. In 2008, Petraeus was succeeded as commander of MNF-I by General Raymond Odierno.
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