The Long Run represents a period of time which is long enough for a firm to adjust its variable resources and its fixed resources (plant capacity) to achieve a desired change in output. Hence Option a. The Long Run is correct.
What is long run?The Long Run represents a period of time that is long enough for a firm to adjust its variable resources and its fixed resources (plant capacity) to achieve a desired change in output.
This is the period of time when all the firm's factors of production are variable resources. In the long run, the company can change its production capacity, size of the plant, and technological level.
All costs are variable in the long run, and the firm is free to change all its inputs to maximize its profit. The short run and market period are two other concepts that are frequently used in microeconomics.
These periods of time refer to the duration over which firms can adjust the levels of inputs in their production processes. Hence Option a. The Long Run is correct.
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Which of the following is true about employee stock options after they have been issued?
a. They have to be revalued every year
b. They have to be revalued every quarter
c. They have to be revalued every day like other derivatives
d. They never have to be revalued
Option D is the correct answer. Employee stock options never have to be revalued after they have been issued.
Stock options are an important part of remuneration packages for top executives and employees at most businesses. Stock options are contracts that enable holders to purchase shares of stock at a predetermined price in the future, allowing employees to share in the company's success.Employee stock options are one form of stock options that companies use to attract and retain top talent. The option grants an employee the right to buy a set number of shares of company stock at a set price during a specified time period, usually ten years. Employee stock options have an expiration date that is determined when they are granted, and they cannot be exercised after that date. The exercise price is the price at which the option holder may buy shares. Employee stock options, once granted, may be exercised any time before the expiration date, regardless of whether the company's stock price has increased or decreased. Employee stock options do not have to be revalued every year, every quarter, or every day. These options are typically valued at their grant date fair value and are not remeasured after they are granted.As a result, they never need to be revalued after they have been granted. So, the correct option is d.
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Figure: Circular-Flow Model) If the circular-flow model is in equilibrium (the sum of money flowing into each box is equal to the sum of the money flowing out of that ox), which of the following is likely to happen if there is a decrease in exports? a) an increase in the real GDP b) an increase in the inflation rate c) a decrease in the unemployment rate d) a decrease in the nominal GDP
From the statement above, if there is a decline in exports, it will result in a decrease in the nominal GDP
The figure in the question is a circular-flow model which shows the relationship between households, businesses, and the government. If the model is in equilibrium, that means the sum of money flowing into each box is equal to the sum of the money flowing out of that box.
If there is a decrease in exports, this is likely to lead to a decrease in the nominal GDP. This is because exports provide income for businesses, and a decrease in exports would mean a decrease in the amount of money businesses can use to purchase goods and services, resulting in a decrease in the nominal GDP.
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22. The Coase theorem posits that externality problems can be solved without government intervention: A) when transaction costs are low and property rights are clearly defined. B) when trading in tradable allowances occurs. C) if markets can reach the efficient quantity and if transaction costs exceed the deadweight loss caused in the market only rarely, that in general, markets cannot maximize social surplus. D)
The Coase theorem posits that externality problems can be solved without government intervention when transaction costs are low and property rights are clearly defined. is the correct answer.
The Coase theorem is an economic theory that states that when the parties involved in a transaction have the ability to bargain without the influence of transaction costs and the presence of clearly defined property rights, it is possible to reach an efficient outcome without government intervention.
Thus, B) when trading in tradable allowances occurs and C) if markets can reach the efficient quantity and if transaction costs exceed the deadweight loss caused in the market only rarely, that in general, markets cannot maximize social surplus are incorrect.
The correct option is (A) when transaction costs are low and property rights are clearly defined.
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T/F: A periodical index contains lists of journal and magazine articles classified according to title, subject, and author.
A periodical index contains lists of journal and magazine articles classified according to title, subject, and author. This statement is TRUE.
A periodical index is a systematic list of articles that can be found in magazines and journals published within a specified period. A periodical index may be arranged by author, title, or subject. It can be either print or electronic, and it offers a comprehensive view of journal and magazine articles, whether current or past, related to a particular topic, event, or person. Additionally, periodical indexes may also include abstracts or summaries of the articles they contain.Types of Periodical IndexesThere are two types of periodical indexes: general and subject-specific. A general periodical index offers listings of articles that cut across several disciplines, while a subject-specific index covers articles on a particular subject area or topic. Examples of general periodical indexes include Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, Index to Periodical Articles Related to Law, and Humanities Index. Some subject-specific indexes include the Education Index, MLA International Bibliography, and Art Index.Articles on a variety of topics, including politics, religion, education, technology, medicine, and entertainment, are frequently published in magazines and journals. Finding relevant articles for your research could be difficult without an efficient way to search them, and this is where periodical indexes come in handy. Periodical indexes are useful tools for scholars, students, researchers, and anyone interested in staying current with what's happening in various fields of study.
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which of the following organizations allows members to continue the business of the dissolved organization rather than cease operations in the event of a death or withdrawal of a member? question 56 options: sole proprietorship s corporation limited liability company corporation l partnership
The rganization that allows members to continue the business of the dissolved organization rather than cease operations in the event of a death or withdrawal of a member is limited liability company (LLC). The correct answer is B: limited liability company.
An LLC is a type of business structure that combines the benefits of a corporation with those of a partnership or sole proprietorship. One of the benefits of an LLC is that it can continue its business even if one or more members die or withdraw from the organization. The remaining members can vote to continue the business without dissolving it, and the LLC can continue to operate as a separate legal entity.
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a pharmaceutical company may go to an organization in a completely different industry such as aerospace to learn project management skills in the process known as _____
A pharmaceutical company may go to an organization in a completely different industry such as aerospace to learn project management skills in the process known as cross-industry innovation.
Cross-industry innovation involves the exchange of ideas, technologies, and skills between businesses in different sectors. Organizations use cross-industry innovation to improve their business processes, improve product development, and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. By collaborating with firms in different sectors, companies can gain access to new ideas and expertise.
Cross-industry innovation can help businesses adapt to changes in the market, introduce new products, and develop new business models. Pharmaceutical companies may turn to aerospace organizations to learn project management skills since they can provide new ideas for product development, technology, and project management practices. Additionally, this process also enables businesses to discover new markets and opportunities beyond their traditional scope.
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Firms do not compete only against global competitors, but against:A) their suppliers.B) themselves.C) the customers of their competitors.D) their competitors' supply chains.
In the following question, among the given options, Firms do not compete only against global competitors, but against their suppliers, customers of their competitors and their supply chains. The correct option is A and C.
What is the meaning of competition? Competition is a rivalry in which each of the opponents attempts to secure a market or resource from the other. The competitors attempt to gain a bigger share of a limited resource by engaging in aggressive marketing or promotional tactics, lowering pricing, or improving customer service. Competition can happen at a variety of levels, and companies must engage in competition at all of them to succeed. Companies must compete not only with other similar firms, but also with their suppliers, customers of their competitors, and their supply chains. Competition may come from various sources, including global rivals, and companies must adapt to survive. What do firms compete against? Companies compete against each other, but they also compete against their suppliers, customers of their rivals, and their supply chains. When businesses compete with their supply chain, they do it to lower prices, increase supply chain efficiency, and minimize risk. When firms compete with their competitors' customers, they target them with deals, discounts, and other incentives. When firms compete with their supply chains, they seek to improve the efficiency of their operations, resulting in cost reductions, improved delivery times, and enhanced risk management.
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An employer is responsible for the torts committed by an employee while the employee is on a frolic, but not for those torts committed while the employee is on a detour.
true
false
The given statement is not correct since an employer is responsible for the torts committed by an employee while the employee is on a frolic or a detour. Therefore, the correct option is false.
A tort is an illegal or wrongful act or omission that causes injury or harm to someone else. In simple terms, it is a civil wrong that results in damages. As a result, tort law serves to offer the injured party a remedy by means of compensation.
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1. Study Question #1 Ch 8. Evaluate the following statement. True or False: Trade liberalization has assumed two main forms. One involves the reciprocal reduction of trade barriers on a nondiscriminatory basis. as seen in the operation of the World Trade Organization. The other approach involves the establishment by a group of nations of regional trading arrangements among themselves. The European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement are examples of regional trading arrangements. True O False Grade it Now Save &. Continue Continue without saving
Trade liberalization has assumed two main forms: reciprocal reduction of trade barriers on a nondiscriminatory basis and the establishment of regional trading arrangements. The statement is true.
The reciprocal reduction of trade barriers on a nondiscriminatory basis is one form of trade liberalization, as evidenced by the operations of the World Trade Organization. The other approach involves the establishment of regional trading arrangements between a group of countries, such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
The elimination of barriers to trade and the promotion of global trade are the primary goals of trade liberalization. These initiatives are aimed at lowering the price of goods and services by allowing greater competition among manufacturers and service providers. Trade liberalization aids in the development of a competitive global marketplace, which is critical for economic growth and job creation.
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in the allowance method when we collect on a previously written off receivable
In the allowance method, when we collect on a previously written off trade receivable, the amount is also written off against the account from the ledger books.
A trade receivable may be referred to or taken into general terms of understanding as the bills that are received, but are yet to be realized. Upon realization of these bills, the amount is usually written off from the ledger books in the account of the firms. However, this system is followed only under the allowance method of accounting and bookkeeping.
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Complete question
In the allowance method when we collect on a previously written off receivable _____________
when unaudited financial statements are presented in comparative form with audited financial statements in a document filed with the securities and exchange commission, such statements should be
When unaudited financial statements are presented in comparative form with audited financial statements in a document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such statements should be marked as "unaudited" and clearly distinguished from the audited statements.
What are unaudited financial statements?Financial statements that have not been subjected to an audit are known as unaudited financial statements. They have not been examined by an external auditor and are, therefore, not accompanied by an auditor's opinion. As a result, unaudited financial statements are deemed less trustworthy than audited financial statements.
When unaudited financial statements are presented in comparative form with audited financial statements in a document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such statements should be marked as "unaudited" and clearly distinguished from the audited statements. This distinction alerts investors and other financial statement users to the fact that the financial statements have not been audited, making them less trustworthy.
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collateralized mortgage obligations (cmos) are generally perceived to have a. no prepayment risk but some default risk. b. no prepayment risk and no default risk. c. the same interest rate risk as money market securities. d. a high degree of prepayment risk.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) are financial instruments that are used to manage the risk associated with mortgage-backed securities (MBS). CMOs are structured investments that are backed by a pool of mortgages and other assets, such as mortgage-backed securities, auto loans, and credit card receivables.
CMOs are generally perceived to have no prepayment risk but some default risk. This means that CMOs are not subject to the same level of interest rate risk as money market securities, as their returns are not as sensitive to changes in interest rates.
However, CMOs do have a high degree of prepayment risk, which is the risk that borrowers may pay off their loans early. This can lead to a loss of principal, as the CMO may not be able to recoup all of the money that was lent to the borrower. As a result, investors must be aware of the risks associated with CMOs before investing in them. It is also important to remember that CMOs are not guaranteed and may be subject to default.
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a business that buys large quantities of merchandise from several different manufacturers and then resells this merchandise to many different retailers is a: multiple choice question. retailer. manufacturer. wholesaler. service business.
A business that buys large quantities of merchandise from several different manufacturers and then resells this merchandise to many different retailers is called a wholesaler.
Who is a wholesaler?A wholesaler is a person or company that buys large quantities of products from manufacturers and then resells them to retailers. Wholesalers purchase products in bulk and then sell them to retailers in smaller quantities. As a result, they serve as intermediaries between manufacturers and retailers.
There are various benefits of working with wholesalers. First and foremost, wholesalers usually provide products at a lower cost than retailers. Additionally, they can give retailers access to a wide range of products from various manufacturers. Finally, wholesalers can help retailers manage inventory by providing them with smaller quantities of products than manufacturers would.
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Tariffs artificially lower prices and therefore lower demand.
A. True
B. False
The given statement "Tariffs artificially lower prices and therefore lower demand" is A. True
Explanation: Tariffs are also known as customs duties, which are levied by the government on imported goods. The government sets tariffs to discourage the import of goods by making them expensive. Tariffs can artificially lower the prices of imported goods, but not for all products. When tariffs are levied on foreign products, their prices increase, and this encourages domestic manufacturers to produce the same goods. This leads to a decrease in the demand for imported goods, as people start to buy local goods instead.Tariffs have many effects on the economy, including protecting domestic industries, raising revenue for the government, and reducing imports. Tariffs can also increase the prices of goods, making them less affordable for consumers. Therefore, it is not always true that tariffs artificially lower prices and decrease demand. It depends on the particular product and the market conditions.In conclusion, tariffs can affect prices and demand in different ways depending on various factors such as the product, market conditions, and the government policies. Therefore, the given statement that "Tariffs artificially lower prices and therefore lower demand" is not always true.
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prepare the year-end statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balances for the capital projects fund. prepare the year-end balance sheet. assume that all fund balances are restricted. has the capital project been completed?
To prepare the year-end statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balances for the capital projects fund, follow the following steps:
Firstly, the information required to calculate the change in fund balance, including the opening and closing balances, revenues, and expenditures, should be gathered. Secondly, the information must be entered into the statement of revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balances. The revenue segment should list all of the revenue received during the period, including grants, contributions, and any other forms of revenue. The expenses section should list all of the expenses incurred during the period, including expenses related to the project's construction, professional fees, and other expenses. The fund balance should be calculated at the end of the year based on the opening balance, revenues earned, and expenses incurred during the year. Thirdly, a balance sheet should be prepared. The balance sheet is prepared using the following steps: The cash and investments balance should be recorded first, followed by the accounts receivable balance, if any. Second, the accounts payable balance should be recorded, followed by any other current liabilities. The total current liabilities should be calculated next. The net position balance should be recorded after the current liabilities. Finally, the restricted fund balance should be listed. All of the information must be assembled to produce a year-end balance sheet. The capital project has been completed if the funds have been exhausted. If the project has been fully completed, the fund balance should be zero.Learn more about expenditures here https://brainly.com/question/30063968
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Sheffield Corp. took a physical inventory on December 31 and determined that goods costing $208,000 were on hand. Not included in the physical count were $22,000 of goods purchased from Wildhorse Co., FOB, shipping point, and $24,500 of goods sold to Waterway Industries for $35,000, FOB destination. Both the Wildhorse purchase and the Waterway sale were in transit at year-end. What is the ending inventory
Sheffield Corp. ending inventory, based on physical inventory take on December 31 is $219,500.
Sheffield Corp. took a physical inventory on December 31 and determined that goods costing $208,000 were on hand. Not included in the physical count were $22,000 of goods purchased from Wildhorse Co., FOB, shipping point, and $24,500 of goods sold to Waterway Industries for $35,000, FOB destination.
Both the Wildhorse purchase and the Waterway sale were in transit at year-end.
The ending inventory of Sheffield Corp. can be calculated as follows:
Ending inventory = Physical inventory + Purchase in transit - Sales in transit
In the given case,
Physical inventory = $208,000
Purchase in transit = $22,000
Ending inventory = $208,000 + $22,000 - ($35,000 - $24,500)
Ending inventory = $208,000 + $22,000 - $10,500
Ending inventory = $219,500
Therefore, the ending inventory of Sheffield Corp on December 31. is $219,500.
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an agent is not required to keep which of the following information confidential? a. customer lists b. business plans c. unique business methods d. information that his or her principal is engaged in criminal activity
Answer: The answer is D. Information that his or her principal is engaged in criminal activity. Agents are not obligated to keep information confidential if it is related to criminal activity.
Explanation: An agent is an individual who has been appointed to act on behalf of someone else in business transactions or other legal matters. They are sometimes referred to as power-of-attorney or attorney-in-fact, and they are normally required to maintain the confidentiality of the principal's affairs.
It is the agent's responsibility to ensure that any confidential data shared with them by their principal or client is kept private and is only shared with people who are authorized to receive it.
Agents, on the other hand, do not have a duty of confidentiality with regards to information that their principal is engaged in criminal activity, as this information may be reported to the authorities if necessary.
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the customers love marco’s handmade dog collars. what does marco do to transform this product item into a product line?
The customers love marco’s handmade dog collars. He does to transform this product item into a product line or convert by "management style".
The management style is the style in which the manager works to fulfill the targeted goal of the organization. There are four management style is autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire and transformational.
The reason of customer love dog collars due to the different sizes, different materials, different styles, complementary products. Marco can offer complementary products to his dog collars, such as leashes or harnesses. This would allow him to create a full product line for dog owners, which would increase customer loyalty and revenue.
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4. Case 4: (Offers not accepted?) Mr. Peters wrote to Mr. King, offering his car for sale for $2000. At the same time, Mr. King sent Mr. Peters a letter, offering to buy his car for $1000. King took no further action. Two days later, Mr. Peters sold the car to Mr. Best for $ 2500. Mr. King took Mr. Peters to court, saying that there was a contract. What was the likely outcome of the case?
In this case, Mr. Peters made an offer to sell his car to Mr. King for $2000, while Mr. King made a counteroffer to buy the same car for $1000.
What is a counteroffer?A counteroffer is a response given by a recipient of an initial offer, which proposes different terms or conditions than those initially proposed. It is a negotiation tactic used in various contexts, such as business deals, salary negotiations, real estate transactions, and more. The counteroffer typically contains changes or amendments to the original offer, which may include adjustments to the price, delivery terms, payment schedule, or other aspects of the agreement. The recipient of the counteroffer can accept the changes proposed, reject them, or respond with a counter-counteroffer. The negotiation process continues until both parties reach an agreement or decide to walk away from the negotiation. Counteroffers are a normal and expected part of the negotiation process, and they provide an opportunity for both parties to explore different options and find common ground.
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Two problems with advertising in ________ are the lack of accountability and ROI measurements and the increasing public concern about environmental impact.
Two problems with advertising in today's world are the lack of accountability and ROI measurements, and the increasing public concern about environmental impact.
The lack of accountability and ROI measurements for advertising means that companies do not have the ability to track their success and the return on their investment. Advertising campaigns are often difficult to measure, as it can be difficult to directly measure the effect of advertising on sales. Furthermore, the cost of advertising can be difficult to track and measure, as advertising costs can be varied and unpredictable.
Additionally, public concern is growing around the environmental impact of advertising. Advertising materials are often made of single-use plastics and other materials that are difficult to recycle and can have a negative environmental impact. As public concern grows around the environmental impacts of advertising, companies must be prepared to mitigate those impacts.
In conclusion, two problems with advertising in today's world are the lack of accountability and ROI measurements and the increasing public concern about environmental impact. Companies must take steps to ensure that their advertising campaigns are trackable, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible.
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Suppose you are trying on a $50 pair of shoes in a store. You may overvalue the benefit you would get from the shoes and undervalue their opportunity cost because the:
The benefit of overvaluing the shoes is because of the developed attachment to the shoes and the potential enjoyment or satisfaction you would get from wearing them.
Overvalue of benefits
You may overvalue the benefits of purchasing the shoes because you have developed an attachment to the shoes. This attachment is due to factors like the way the shoes look, the way they fit, and the quality of their make.
You may also overvalue the benefits of purchasing shoes because you are under the influence of different forms of advertising.
Undervalue of opportunity costs
You may undervalue the opportunity costs of purchasing the shoes. Opportunity cost is the cost of the best alternative foregone when making a choice.
In this case, the opportunity cost of purchasing the shoes is the next best alternative that the money spent on the shoes could have been spent on. It could be used to purchase a different pair of shoes or other valuable items like groceries.
However, you may fail to consider this and assume that shoes are the only important items to purchase. This will make you undervalue the opportunity cost of purchasing the shoes.
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Downy is purchasing a home for $283,000. He makes a 25% down payment and obtains a 25-year fixed rate mortgage loan at 7% annual interest. His monthly payments are $1,500.14. He pays an intangible tax of 0.2%. Which of the following is the total cost of principal, interest, down payment, and amount of intangible tax? (4 points)
A. $450,042.00
B. $521,358.00
C. $521,216.50
The total cost of principal, interest, down payment, and amount of intangible tax is $521,216.50. Downy’s down payment is 25% of the total cost of the home, which comes out to $70,750.
He also pays an intangible tax of 0.2% of the total cost of the home, which comes out to $566. His total up-front cost is then $71,316. The remaining cost of the home is $211,684, which he pays over the course of 25 years with a 7% fixed rate mortgage loan.
Over the course of the loan, Downy will pay $375,900 in interest in addition to the principal amount. This brings the total cost to $521,216.50.
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Intro A bond has an annual coupon rate of 4%, a face value of $1,000, a price of $1,169.78, and matures in 10 years. | Attempt 1/5 for 10 pts. Part 1 What is the bond's YTM? A+ decimals Submit
Intro A bond has an annual coupon rate of 4%, a face value of $1,000, a price of $1,169.78, and matures in 10 years. The bond's yield to maturity is 3.37%.
Annual coupon rate = 4%
Face value (par value) = $1,000
Price of the bond = $1,169.78
Maturity = 10 years
Now, we need to calculate the yield to maturity or YTM of the bond.
PV of Bond = Coupon Payment x (1 – 1 / (1 + r) ^ n) / r + Face Value / (1 + r) ^ n
Where PV is the present value,
r is the YTM or yield to maturity, and n is the number of years.
Coupon payment = Face Value × Annual Coupon Raten = Number of Years
Let's substitute the values in the formula to find out the yield to maturity of the bond.
PV of Bond = $1,169.78
Coupon Payment = $40 [$1,000 (Face Value) x 4% (Annual Coupon Rate)]
n = 10 years
YTM = 0.0337 or 3.37%.
Therefore, the bond's yield to maturity is 3.37%.
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if an agent at his principal's direction fixes prices with the principal's competitors: a. only the agent is criminally liable. b. only the principal is criminally liable. c. both the principal and agent are criminally liable. d. any liability would be civil only.
If an agent at his principal's direction fixes prices with the principal's competitors, both the principal and agent are criminally liable.
Antitrust laws prohibit price-fixing and collusion among competitors in order to protect consumers and ensure fair competition in the marketplace. If an agent acts on behalf of a principal to engage in price-fixing activities with competitors, both the principal and the agent can be held criminally liable for violating antitrust laws. This is because the principal is ultimately responsible for the actions of its agents in the course of their duties, including any illegal activities they may undertake on behalf of the principal.
What is criminally liable?
Criminal liability refers to the legal responsibility for committing a crime, which can result in punishment such as imprisonment, fines. A person who is found to be criminally liable for a crime has been proven, beyond a reasonable doubt, to have committed an act that is prohibited by law and that carries criminal penalties. Criminal liability requires that the person committed the act with the necessary intent or mental state, known as mens rea, which means that they had the knowledge or intent to commit the crime.
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Urban LLC sponsors a profit-sharing plan that requires employees to complete one year of service and be 21 years old before entering the plan. The plan also excludes all commissioned sales people and all other allowable exclusions allowed under the IRC. Which of the following employees could be excluded?
1. Jack, age 20, who works in administration and has been with the company for 32 months.
2. Jen, a commissioned sales person working in the Houston office. She is 37 years old and has been with the company for 3 years.
3. John works as the lead foreman in the company factory. Jack is 39 and has been with the company for 12 years and is covered under a collective bargaining agreement.
a.) 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1, 2, and 3
d.) 1 only
The Urban LLC profit-sharing plan requires employees to complete one year of service and be 21 years old before entering the plan. It also excludes all commissioned sales people and all other allowable exclusions allowed under the IRC. Based on the given options, the correct answer is B) 1 and 2 only.
Jack, age 20, who works in administration and has been with the company for 32 months would not be eligible because he has not completed the required one year of service and he is under 21. Jen, the commissioned sales person working in the Houston office, would also not be eligible because she is a commissioned sales person and all commissioned sales people are excluded.
However, John, the lead foreman in the company factory, who is 39 and has been with the company for 12 years and is covered under a collective bargaining agreement, would be eligible for the profit-sharing plan.
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3. Issues in trade liberalization and WTO policies
Indicate whether each scenario in the following table represents a retaliatory tariff, a safeguard, or an environmental issue.
Scenario
Retaliatory Tariff
Safeguard
Environmental Issue
The United States bans imports of tuna from Mexico that is caught in ways that drown dolphins. The European Union imposes a 5% tariff on paper exports from a country that has violated WTO agreements. The United States imposes higher tariffs on the import of porcelain-on-steel cookware for four years to give domestic producers time to adjust to import competition. Which of the following arguments can be used to correctly defend the WTO’s position on emergency protection from imports? Check all that apply.
Safeguards can be used to nourish the domestic industry.
Developing countries benefit from lifting the trade barriers.
Safeguards are a political necessity for the formation of trade liberalization policies.
Safeguards can be used to nourish the domestic industry, that developing countries benefit from lifting the trade barriers, and that safeguards are a political necessity for the formation of trade liberalization policies.
What is trade liberalization?Trade liberalization is an economic policy that involves the reduction or removal of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goods between nations. This can be achieved through tariffs, quotas, or other types of restrictions.
WTO policies focus on making trade fairer and more transparent, by allowing countries to negotiate agreements on the removal of trade barriers. Safeguards are an emergency protection from imports that are used to protect domestic industries from being injured by imports. This can include higher tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
Retaliatory Tariff: The European Union imposes a 5 per cent tariff on paper exports from a country that has violated WTO agreements.
Safeguard: The United States imposes higher tariffs on the import of porcelain-on-steel cookware for four years to give domestic producers time to adjust to import competition.
Environmental Issue: The United States bans imports of tuna from Mexico that is caught in ways that drown dolphins.
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Looking at the Low Tech Market Segment's "Market Share Actual vs. Potential" chart, what is a priority for company Andrews in the next round for product Able to maximize sales volumes? (Refer to the Round 2 Foundation FastTrack Report available both on Blackboard and in Appendix 1 of "An Introduction to Business.")
Increasing the production capacity of product Able should be Andrews' priority in the next round to maximize sales volumes, would be the priority for company Andrews in the next round for product Able to maximize sales volumes.
Market share is the percentage of the total sales of a particular product or service by a company in a given market. It is calculated by dividing a company's sales revenue by the total revenue generated by all companies in that particular market.
Discussion of Andrews' priorities In the next round for product Able to maximize sales volumes, Andrews should increase the production capacity.
The reason behind this is that the chart shows that the company's current market share is below its potential, which means that there is a chance to capture more of the market.
Increasing the production capacity will allow Andrews to produce and sell more units of product Able, which will increase its market share.
Since the market share of other companies is relatively stable, increasing Andrews' market share will inevitably result in an increase in sales volume.
Therefore, increasing the production capacity of product Able should be Andrews' priority in the next round to maximize sales volumes.
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When a pharmaceutical company places an ad in a home and garden magazine for its new arthritis drug, it is using a ________ strategy.a. decline
b. inform
c. pull
d. source
When a pharmaceutical company places an ad in a home and garden magazine for its new arthritis drug, it is using a pull strategy.
The ad will likely contain information about the benefits of the drug, as well as how it can help people suffering from arthritis. The company's intention would be to pique consumers' interest and motivate them to seek more information about the drug, and possibly to talk to their doctor about trying it.
In short, by placing an ad in a home and garden magazine for its new arthritis drug, the pharmaceutical company would be using a pull strategy to create demand and attract specific consumers to its product. The goal would be to inform them about the benefits of the drug and motivate them to seek more information or talk to their doctor about the possibility of using it.
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Methods of Departmentalization
This activity is important because workers within organizations are organized into departments. The way that the workers are organized into departments varies, and has an influence on the way individuals communicate to accomplish their tasks. Common types of departmentalization include product, functional, geographic, and customer.
The goal of this click and drag exercise is to test your understanding of the various types of departmentalization. This includes the advantages and disadvantages of each of the ways that workers may be organized into departments, and demonstrates your understanding of the line of authority and potential disadvantages of the line structure, line-and-staff structure, multidivisional structure, and matrix structure.
The Methods of Departmentalization can be Functional Departmentalization, Geographic Departmentalization, Product Departmentalization and Customer Departmentalization
Departmentalization refers to the way in which organizations divide themselves into smaller, more specialized units of work to attain work efficiency, expertise, and job specialization. Here are the various methods of departmentalization that may be applied to an organization:
Functional Departmentalization
In this type of departmentalization, activities in the organization are grouped according to their functions or areas of specialization. For example, departments such as marketing, finance, human resources, and production are established in order to perform their functions on a specialized basis.
Advantages:
Encourages skill specialization
Improves efficiency
Allows experts to be grouped in their areas of expertise
Improves coordination and communication within the department
Disadvantages:
May result in narrow viewpoints
May create rivalries between departments
Geographic Departmentalization
In this type of departmentalization, activities of the organization are grouped according to the geography or location of the operations. For example, regional offices are established in different parts of the country or world, and departments like sales and marketing, finance, human resources, and production are established in these offices.
Advantages:
Allows for specialization in products, services, or customers in specific regions
Improves coordination and communication between departments in specific regions
Fosters development of region-specific knowledge
Disadvantages:
Costly to establish and maintain line of authority
Potential disadvantages of the line structure, line-and-staff structure, multidivisional structure, and matrix structure.
Product Departmentalization
In this type of departmentalization, activities of the organization are grouped according to their products, services, or projects. For example, departments such as consumer electronics, home appliances, and computers may be established in a manufacturing company.
Advantages:
Allows for specialization in products or services
Simplifies decision-making in a product or service area
Improves coordination and communication between departments
Disadvantages:
May result in lack of communication and coordination across departments
May result in high costs for duplication of resources
Customer Departmentalization
In this type of departmentalization, activities of the organization are grouped according to their customer base. For example, departments such as commercial, government, and individual customer segments may be established in a bank.
Advantages:
Allows for specialization in meeting customer needs
Improves coordination and communication with customers
Disadvantages:
May result in lack of communication and coordination across departments
May create a duplication of resources.
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by sending post purchase letters and giving guarantees on products to consumers who have bought their company's products or organization's services, marketing managers can help reduce the consumers' .
By sending post-purchase letters and giving guarantees on products to consumers who have bought their company's products or organization's services, marketing managers can help reduce the consumers' cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental state of tension that results from holding two or more inconsistent cognitions or beliefs. The individual's experience with dissonance is related to how many cognitions conflict and the significance of the dissonance.
Dr. Leon Festinger, a social psychologist, first coined the term cognitive dissonance. Festinger believed that cognitive dissonance occurs when there is a discrepancy between two or more cognitions and that individuals are motivated to reduce this dissonance in some way. There are a variety of ways to reduce cognitive dissonance, including changing one's behavior, beliefs, or attitudes.
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