Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers, and they are essential building blocks for many cellular structures and processes.
What are molecules ?A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. Molecules are the fundamental units of compounds, which are substances made up of two or more different types of atoms.
Molecules can have a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the number and arrangement of atoms. Some molecules are simple, consisting of just a few atoms, while others are much larger and more complex, such as proteins or DNA. The properties and behavior of a substance depend largely on the types of molecules it contains and how those molecules interact with each other.
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Resuming an efficiency of 30.40%, calculate the actual yield of magnesium nitrate formed from 111.8 g of magnesium and
excess copper(II) nitrate.
Mg + Cu(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2+ Cu
actual yield:
Will mark brainly please help
Theoretically, 682.1 g of magnesium nitrate is produced.
How is the magnesium percentage determined?Every sample of a substance will include an identical number of oxygen and magnesium atoms. The mass of an atom is divided by the compound's total mass, multiplied by 100, to determine the percent composition. We aim for an equal number of each sort of atom on both sides when balancing chemical equations. The coefficients are the only thing changed. The numbers in front of the molecule are the coefficients.
What proportion of magnesium is there in mg NO3 2?One mole of the chemical magnesium nitrate weighs 148.33 g. The periodic table lists the other atom masses. Therefore 16.39% Mg, 18.89% N, and 64.72%O make up the mass-percent composition. Mg (s) + O2 (g) MgO (s) is balanced as 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO. (s).
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What are the coefficients when the following reaction is properly balanced?
Si4C3 +o2 -> si2o3+ c
The balanced equation for the given reaction is:
4 Si4C3 + 15 O2 → 8 Si2O3 + 3 C
What is Balanced Chemical Equation?
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the stoichiometric relationship between the reactants and products. They show the relative amounts of each substance that are involved in the reaction. In the given chemical equation, Si4C3 + O2 -> Si2O3 + C, the coefficients can be determined by balancing the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Starting with Si, there are 4 Si atoms on the left and 2 Si atoms on the right, so a coefficient of 2 is needed in front of Si2O3 to balance the number of Si atoms.
Moving on to C, there are 3 C atoms on the left and 1 C atom on the right, so a coefficient of 3 is needed in front of C to balance the number of C atoms.
Finally, for O, there are 2x3=6 O atoms on the left and 2x2=4 O atoms on the right, so a coefficient of 3 is needed in front of O2 to balance the number of O atoms.
The balanced equation is thus: Si4C3 + 3O2 -> 2Si2O3 + 3C, with coefficients of 1, 3, 2, and 3 for Si4C3, O2, Si2O3, and C, respectively.
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A gas is at 35.0°C and 4.50 L. What is the temperature of the gas if the volume is increased to 9.00 L?
A gas is at 35.0°C and 4.50 L. What is the temperature of the gas if the volume is increased to 9.00 L?
65.0°C
343°C
17.5°C
1.16°C
614°C
Answer: 343 Celsius
Explanation:
Gay lussac law
T2=T1V2/V1 Temp must be in Kelvin
T2= 308.15 X 9.00 / 4.50 =616.30 K - 273.15 to get back in celsius
=343.15 C
Reread the Matthew Holding case study.
a) Given the evidence presented in the case study, briefly support each of the following claims:
i. The bodies were buried in the mountains or foothills of the mountains.
ii. Soil was taken from a mining area.
iii. Soil was moved from an area below the surface.
iv. The shovel had been used both to dig up and to tamp down the soil.
v. The soil at the gravesite and on the shovel were consistent with each other.
vi. Animals helped solve the crime.
b) List the different types of analysis used to compare the soil found on the shovel and the soil found at the crime scene.
i. The remains were interred on the foothills or mountainsides, ii. A mining region provided the soil, iii. Dirt was transferred from a subsurface location, iv. The soil had been dug up and compacted using a shovel.
The soil samples collected from the burial contained rocks and minerals that are typically found in mountainous areas, which lends credence to the assertion that the victims were interred in the highlands or foothills of the mountains.
ii. Soil was collected from a mining area: The discovery of iron, copper, and other minerals typical of mining sites lends credence to this argument.
iii. Subsurface dirt was moved: This assertion is confirmed by the presence of a layer of subsoil in the soil samples that was distinct from the top soil.
iv. The soil had been dug up and compacted using a shovel: The presence of both loose and compacted soil in the soil samples lends credence to this assertion.
v. The earth on the shovel and at the gravesite matched each other: The fact that the shovel and burial dirt samples both contained identical minerals and had comparable chemical compositions lends credence to this assertion.
vi. Animals played a role in the crime's resolution: This assertion is reinforced by the fact that the grave's surroundings had been disturbed by animals, which led detectives to the location of the grave.
b) The various methods of examination employed to contrast the soil discovered on the shovel and the soil discovered at
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The equilibrium constant expression for a reaction is [CO2]2/[SO2]2[O2]. What is the balanced chemical equation for the overall reaction if one of the reactants is Na2CO3(s).
Answer:
The given equilibrium constant expression is for the reaction:
2 CO2 (g) + 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 CO2 (g) + 2 SO3 (g)
To incorporate Na2CO3 (s) into this reaction, we need to balance the equation for the reaction involving Na2CO3:
Na2CO3 (s) → Na2O (s) + CO2 (g)
Now, we can combine the two equations by cancelling out CO2 (g) on both sides:
Na2CO3 (s) → Na2O (s) + CO2 (g)
2 CO2 (g) + 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 CO2 (g) + 2 SO3 (g)
Adding the two equations together, we get the balanced chemical equation for the overall reaction:
Na2CO3 (s) + 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → Na2O (s) + 2 SO3 (g)
The equilibrium constant expression remains the same as [CO2]2/[SO2]2[O2], as CO2 is not involved in the overall reaction.
Co(NH3)6³ has a maximum absorbance in the UV-Vis of 475 nm and appears yellow-
orange. If we assume this is due to the crystal field splitting, what is A in J/molecule?
What is A in kJ/mole?
The molar absorptivity A for Co(NH3)6³ at 475 nm is 251.5 kJ/mol.
What is Molar Absorptivity?
Molar absorptivity, also known as molar extinction coefficient, is a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength. It is defined as the absorption coefficient divided by the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length of the sample:
To calculate A in J/molecule, we can use the formula:
A = hc / λmax
where A is the molar absorptivity in J/molecule, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J s), c is the speed of light (2.998 x 10^8 m/s), and λmax is the wavelength of maximum absorbance in meters.
Converting the wavelength of maximum absorbance from nm to meters, we have:
λmax = 475 nm * (1 m / 10^9 nm) = 4.75 x 10^-7 m
A = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) * (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (4.75 x 10^-7 m)
= 4.18 x 10^-17 J/molecule
Therefore, the molar absorptivity A for Co(NH3)6³ at 475 nm is 4.18 x 10^-17 J/molecule.
To convert this value to kJ/mol, we can use the formula:
A (kJ/mol) = A (J/molecule) * N (Avogadro's number) / 1000
where N = 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1 is Avogadro's number.
Substituting the values, we get:
A (kJ/mol) = (4.18 x 10^-17 J/molecule) * (6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1) / 1000
= 251.5 kJ/mol
Therefore, the molar absorptivity A for Co(NH3)6³ at 475 nm is 251.5 kJ/mol.
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Which of the following options correctly relate the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones to their structural features? Select all that apply.
Aldehydes and ketones are polar; they therefore exhibit dipole-dipole interactions between their molecules.
The strength of the dispersion forces between the molecules of such compounds generally increases as molecular size increases.
Aldehydes and ketones can form hydrogen bonds to H2O; shorter chain aldehydes and ketones are therefore water soluble.
The physical properties of aldehydes and ketones are related to their structural features in the following ways: they are polar molecules and therefore exhibit dipole-dipole interactions, and their strength of dipole-dipole interactions increases with increasing molecular size.
The physical properties of aldehydes and ketones are related to their structural features in the following ways.
Aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules, meaning they have regions of positive and negative charge that create a dipole-dipole interaction between their molecules. This interaction is what causes them to be attracted to other molecules and increases their reactivity. The strength of the dipole-dipole interactions generally increases as the molecular size increases.
Aldehydes and ketones can also form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Shorter chain aldehydes and ketones are more likely to form hydrogen bonds due to their smaller size, making them more soluble in water.
Additionally, shorter chain aldehydes and ketones can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and are more water soluble.
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Weigh magnesium metal Complete the following steps: Place weighing paper on balance Use forceps to place magnesium o balance. Record exact mass in Lab Data Calculate moles of magnesium. Record in Lab Data Use forceps to place magnesium on bench near wires and stopper 0.215 g TARE Mass of magnesium (g) Moles of magnesium (mol) Temperature of water (°C) Temperature of water (K) Vapor pressure of water (mmHg) Barometric pressure (mmHg) 0.198 9
Moles of magnesium = 0.198 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.00815 mol
What are the moles?
Based on the given data, we can calculate the moles of magnesium using the following formula:
moles of magnesium = mass of magnesium (g) / molar mass of magnesium
The molar mass of magnesium is 24.31 g/mol.
Thus, moles of magnesium = 0.198 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.00815 mol
It seems that the experiment involves determining the mass and moles of magnesium. The temperature of water, vapor pressure of water, and barometric pressure are likely additional data points collected during the experiment for further analysis.
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i need help with the question below
identify which of the following atoms would have the lowest first ionization energy. a) ca b) c c) ge d) p e) cl
The atom with the lowest first ionization energy is C (carbon). The order from highest to lowest is: e) Cl (chlorine) > d) P (phosphorus) > c) Ge (germanium) > b) C (carbon) > a) Ca (calcium).
The atom that would have the lowest first ionization energy is Ca (Calcium). The amount of energy that is required to remove the most loosely held electron from an isolated neutral gaseous atom to form a cation is called the first ionization energy. It is a measure of the stability of an atom. The ionization energy of an element is determined by the amount of energy required to remove an electron from its ground state. The ionization energy is a physical property of an element that varies across the periodic table. The element that has the lowest ionization energy is the most reactive and will most likely form cations.
Identify which of the following atoms would have the lowest first ionization energy. The given atoms are Ca, C, Ge, P, and Cl. Out of these atoms, Ca would have the lowest first ionization energy. The electronic configuration of Ca is 2, 8, 8, 2. Calcium belongs to group 2 and period 4 of the periodic table. It has 20 protons, 20 electrons, and 2 valence electrons. Because of its 2 valence electrons, it has a low ionization energy. The electronic configuration of Ca is most stable because of the presence of the 8 valence electrons in the outermost shell.
The electronic configurations of the other given atoms are:
C: 2, 4Ge: 2, 8, 18, 4P: 2, 8, 5Cl: 2, 8, 7
All of these elements have electrons that are either in the process of filling the valence shell or have already filled it. They have higher ionization energies because of this. Therefore, Ca would have the lowest first ionization energy.
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50.0 g of sample B has 31.65g Xe and 18.35 g F. What is the percent by mass Xe in sample B?
According to the question the percent by mass Xe in sample B is 63.3%.
What is mass?Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is usually measured in kilograms or grams, but it can also be expressed in other units such as pound or ton. Mass is different than weight, which is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. Mass is constant regardless of the gravity a certain object is exposed to, while weight will change depending on the gravity.
The percent by mass Xe in sample B is equal to the mass of Xe in sample B divided by the total mass of sample B multiplied by 100. This equation can be written as:(mass of Xe in sample B / total mass of sample B) × 100
Plugging in the values for the mass of Xe in sample B (31.65g) and the total mass of sample B (50.0g), we get:
(31.65 g / 50.0 g) × 100 = 63.3%
Therefore, the percent by mass Xe in sample B is 63.3%.
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Gaseous heptane (C7H17) reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water.
Answer:
To balance this equation, we need to know the coefficients for each reactant and product. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
C7H17 + 11O2 → 7CO2 + 8H2O
This equation indicates that one molecule of heptane reacts with 11 molecules of oxygen gas to produce seven molecules of carbon dioxide and eight molecules of water.
The stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation tell us the relative amounts of each reactant and product in the reaction. For example, one molecule of heptane reacts with 11 molecules of oxygen gas to produce seven molecules of carbon dioxide and eight molecules of water. Therefore, if we have 1 mole of heptane, we need 11 moles of oxygen gas to completely react with it, and we will produce 7 moles of carbon dioxide and 8 moles of water.
To determine the amount of each product that will be produced when a given amount of reactants is used, we need to use stoichiometry. We can convert the mass of heptane and oxygen gas to moles, and then use the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide and water that should be produced.
For example, if we have 10 grams of heptane and 50 grams of oxygen gas, we can calculate the amount of each product that should be produced as follows:
1. Calculate the number of moles of each reactant:
moles of heptane = 10 g / 100.21 g/mol = 0.0999 mol
moles of oxygen gas = 50 g / 31.9988 g/mol = 1.562 mol
2. Determine the limiting reactant:
Using the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of heptane reacts with 11 moles of oxygen gas. Therefore, the limiting reactant is heptane, because we only have 0.0999 moles of it, whereas we have 1.562 moles of oxygen gas.
3. Calculate the theoretical yield of each product:
moles of CO2 = moles of heptane × (7 moles of CO2 / 1 mole of C7H17) = 0.6993 mol
moles of H2O = moles of heptane × (8 moles of H2O / 1 mole of C7H17) = 0.7992 mol
mass of CO2 = moles of CO2 × molar mass of CO2 = 0.6993 mol × 44.01 g/mol = 30.77 g
mass of H2O = moles of H2O × molar mass of H2O = 0.7992 mol × 18.015 g/mol = 14.39 g
Therefore, if we have 10 grams of heptane and 50 grams of oxygen gas, the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide is 30.77 grams and the theoretical yield of water is 14.39 grams. Note that the actual yield may be different, depending on the conditions of the reaction and the efficiency of the reaction.
7
Toluene (C7H8) is one of the components of crude oil. Which shows the
balanced combustion reaction for toluene?
A. C7H8 +902→ 7CO2 + 4H₂O + heat
OB. C7Hg + O2 → CO₂ + H₂O + heat
C. C7Hg + 0₂ 7CO2 + 4H₂O + heat
OD. C₂Hg +7.502 → 7CO2 + H₂O + heat
SUBMIT
4
Answer:
The balanced combustion reaction for toluene (C7H8) is:
C7H8 + 9O2 → 7CO2 + 4H2O + heat
Therefore, the correct option is A.
The correct balanced combustion reaction for toluene (C7H8) is 'C7H8 + 9O2 → 7CO2 + 4H2O + heat' which represents a combustion reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to generate heat and form carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:The balanced combustion reaction for toluene (C7H8) is represented by the equation:
C7H8 + 9O2 → 7CO2 + 4H2O + heat
This is a combustion reaction, which typically involves a substance reacting with oxygen to generate heat and form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Here, toluene reacts with oxygen (O2), producing heat, carbon dioxide, and water. Therefore, the correct answer is A. C7H8 + 9O2→ 7CO2 + 4H2O + heat.
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The appearance of a gram-negative bacteria cell after the addition of the decolorizing agent (ethyl alcohol) in the Gram stain is _____.
(a) purple
(b) red
(c) colorless
(d) green.
Gram-negative bacteria appear as pink/red under the microscope after counterstaining with safranin. In conclusion, the appearance of a gram-negative bacteria cell after the addition of the decolorizing agent (ethyl alcohol) in the Gram stain is colorless.
The appearance of a gram-negative bacteria cell after the addition of the decolorizing agent (ethyl alcohol) in the Gram stain is colorless. Gram staining is a common microbiological method that is used to differentiate bacteria into two categories: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This differentiation is based on differences in the composition of their cell walls. Gram staining is used to identify bacteria and fungi by staining the samples with crystal violet and iodine, then decolorizing with ethanol and counterstaining with safranin. This method helps to determine the presence or absence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria. In Gram-negative bacteria, the decolorizing agent, ethyl alcohol, remove the outer membrane, causing the crystal violet stain to be removed from the cell wall, therefore resulting in a colorless appearance. The alcohol also increases the permeability of the thin peptidoglycan layer, which makes the safranin stain visible in the cell wall of the bacteria.
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sulfur (s) belongs to the: select the correct answer below: halogens noble gases alkali metals chalcogens
Sulfur (S) belongs to the chalcogens, which is a group of elements located in Group 16 on the periodic table. So the correct option is D.
Chalcogens are characterized by their tendency to form compounds in which they have a -2 oxidation state. The chalcogens consist of oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po).
The name “chalcogens” comes from the Greek words “chalkos” and “genes” which mean “ore forming.” This name was given because all the chalcogens form ores that are mined and used for industrial purposes.
Sulfur is a yellow, non-metallic element that is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It has been known since ancient times and is found in various minerals and volcanic gases. Sulfur has many uses, from being an essential element in proteins to being a key ingredient in explosives.
In conclusion, sulfur (S) belongs to the chalcogens, a group of elements located in Group 16 on the periodic table. This group is characterized by their tendency to form compounds in which they have a -2 oxidation state. Sulfur is a yellow, non-metallic element that is essential in proteins and is also a key ingredient in explosives. So the correct option is D.
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draw the structure of an alkene with one double bond that would give the following compound as the only product after ozonolysis followed by h2o2 .
The carbonyl group can be either a ketone or an aldehyde.
To draw the structure of an alkene with one double bond that would give the compound after ozonolysis followed by H2O2, you will need to draw a chain of two carbon atoms with one double bond connecting them.
The Lewis structure would look like this:This structure represents an alkene, as it contains one double bond between two carbon atoms. Ozonolysis followed by H2O2 would break the double bond and then reduce the two resulting aldehyde groups, forming the compound.An alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds (C≡C) are known as alkynes.Ozonolysis is a chemical reaction in which ozone (O3) reacts with an unsaturated substance, breaking down the double or triple bonds and producing two oxygen atoms (O) per double bond in the process.
Alkenes and alkynes are usually oxidized in ozonolysis followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).When ozonolysis is followed by H2O2, the products obtained are carbonyl compounds that differ from each other depending on the reaction conditions. The products of ozonolysis followed by H2O2 depend on the structure of the alkene. The only product of ozonolysis followed by H2O2 for an alkene is a mixture of aldehydes and ketones with one fewer carbon than the original alkene.The following are the steps to be followed for the given question:Step 1: Draw the structure of an alkene with one double bond. A double bond means that there is a C=C between two carbon atoms, as shown in the figure below.Step 2:
The structure of the alkene is shown below
Step 3: When the given compound undergoes ozonolysis followed by H2O2, it results in two carbonyl compounds with one fewer carbon than the original alkene. The compound in the question has three carbon atoms, so the two carbonyl compounds obtained from ozonolysis followed by H2O2 will have two carbon atoms.Step 4: The products obtained after ozonolysis followed by H2O2 are shown below:In this figure, R1 and R2 represent substituents on the carbonyl group. The products of ozonolysis followed by H2O2 depend on the structure of the alkene. So, the only product that can be obtained for the given alkene is shown below.
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Necesito resolver esto
The velocity of the water with an earlier velocity of 8 m/s will be 24 m/s in the small tube with an area of 4 cm², option C.
How to calculate velocity?This is a problem involving the conservation of mass and the principle of continuity in fluid mechanics. According to the principle of continuity, the mass of a fluid flowing through any given section of a pipe must remain constant.
Using the given equation A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
(12 cm²) (8 m/s) = (4 cm²) (v₂)
v₂ = (12 cm²) (8 m/s) / (4 cm²)
v₂ = 24 m/s.
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Science Grade 5. 5 Importance of sound
The movement of airborne particles is caused by every vibrating item. This motion, which lasts until the particle runs out of power, produces sound waves.
Why is sound significant to children?The development of children includes sound from the time they are born. White noise, lullabies, and the voices of their parents are soothing to infants, and as they get older, other sounds aid in their connection and learning.
A good brief note It is what?Plasma molecules of a air surrounding an item vibrate as a result. Nearby molecules that come into contact with these molecules vibrate as a result. They consequently run across additional air molecules in the area.
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The correct question is
Explain the importance of sound in our daily life .
what is the independent variable and the dependent variable in which cleans teeth better baking soda or toothpaste project.
Answer:
The dependent variable would be the whitening of the teeth of the participants.
Explanation:
metals that have luster are usually called as______
Answer:
lusterous metal
Explanation:
ex gold, iron etc hope it helps
select all ions that are produced when nh4cl is dissolved in water. group of answer choices hcl nh nh3 nh4 cl-
When NH4Cl is dissolved in water, the following ions are produced are H+, Cl-, NH3, and NH4+.
When NH4Cl is dissolved in water, the ions that are produced are H+, Cl-, NH3, and NH4+. An ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule. When a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, it acquires an electric charge and becomes an ion.
Conventionally, the charge of an electron is thought to be negative; this charge is equal to and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is thought to be positive. Because the total number of electrons in an ion is more than the total number of protons, the net charge of an ion is not zero.
A negatively charged ion called an anion has more electrons than protons compared to a positively charged ion called a cation. Electrostatic force causes opposite electric charges to be drawn towards one another, causing cations and anions to attract one another and easily form ionic compounds.
The ammonium ion, NH4+, is generated when ammonia (NH3) is combined with a hydrogen ion (H+), which results in the formation of NH4+ ions. When NH4Cl dissolves in water, the NH4Cl dissociates into its component ions, NH4+ and Cl-.
As a result, the answer is H+, Cl-, NH3, and NH4+.
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Using C2H4 + 3 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O. If 20 moles of fuel are combusted in the above equation, how many moles of O2 are consumed?
Answer:
Using C2H4 + 3 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O. If 20 moles of fuel are combusted in the above equation, how many moles of O2 are consumed?
Explanation:
According to the balanced chemical equation:
1 mole of C2H4 reacts with 3 moles of O2
Therefore, for 20 moles of C2H4 combusted, we would need:
20 moles C2H4 × (3 moles O2 / 1 mole C2H4) = 60 moles O2
So, 60 moles of O2 are consumed in the combustion of 20 moles of C2H4.
Polar air is often described as dry even though the relative humidity is high. This is because in polar regions a the dew point and air temperature are normally close together Ob. there is a large separation between dew point and air temperature c. the air has a high absolute humidity Od there is a high dew point temperature
Polar air is often described as dry because there is a large separation between the dew point and air temperature. This occurs because the air is usually very cold and has a low absolute humidity.
Polar air is often described as dry even though the relative humidity is high. This is because in polar regions there is a large separation between dew point and air temperature.In polar regions, the air is very cold, and therefore has very little moisture. This means that the relative humidity of the air is very high, but the actual amount of moisture in the air is very low. This is because cold air cannot hold as much moisture as warm air. When the temperature of the air drops, the amount of moisture that it can hold also decreases.
As a result, the relative humidity of the air increases, even though the actual amount of moisture in the air is very low.
The relative humidity is high because the dew point and air temperature are close together. This means that the amount of water vapor in the air is low, making it feel dry.
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Molar Volume of Hydrogen continued volume of hydrogenhydrogen gas at STP by the theoretical number of moles of hydrogen to calculate the molar ume of hydrogen fo 4. Divide the volume of r Trials 1 and 2 Results Table Number of moles of H, gas Vapor pressure of water Partial pressure of H2 gas Calculated volume of H2 gas at STP Molar volume of H2 gas Average molar volume 5. What is the average value of the molar volume of hydrogen? Look up the literature value of the molar volume of a gas and calculate the percent error in your experimental determination of the molar volume of hydrogen. l Experimental value - Literature value I Literature value x 100% Percent error 6. One mole of hydrogen gas has a mass of 2.02 g. Use your value of the molar volume of hydrogen to calculate the mass of one liter of hydrogen gas at STP This is the density of hydrogen in g/L. How does this experimental value of the density compare with the literature value? (Consult a chemistry handbook for the density of hydrogen.) Laboratory Experiments for Geทeral, Organic and Biolo Molar Volume of Hydrogen continued 7. In setti e water bath. What effect would this have on the measured volume of hydrogen gas? Would the c r voltume of hydrogen be too high or too low as a result of this error? Explain. invertenx u) this experiment, a student noticed that a bubble of air leaked into the graduated cylinder when it was d in the te 8. A student noticed that the silver and shiny. Wh magnesium ribbon appeared to be oxidized-the metal surface was black and dull rather at effect would this error have on the measured volume of hydrogen gas? Would the cal than culated molar volume of hydrogen be too high or too low as a result of this error? Explain. 9. (Optional) Your instructor wants to scale up this experiment for demonstration purposes and would like to collect the gas in an inverted 50-mL, buret at room temperature. Use the ideal gas law to calculate the maximum amount or length of magnesium ribbon that may be used. Laboratory Experiments for General, Organic and Biological Cbemistry7
The average value of the molar volume of hydrogen is 24.0 liters per mole (L/mol).
To calculate the percent error in the experimental determination of the molar volume of hydrogen, you must subtract the experimental value from the literature value and divide by the literature value.
Then, multiply this result by 100% to obtain the percent error.One liter of hydrogen gas at STP has a mass of 0.090 grams, which is the experimental value of the density of hydrogen. This value is lower than the literature value, which is 0.089 grams per liter (g/L).
In this experiment, if a bubble of air leaked into the graduated cylinder when it was placed in the water bath, the calculated molar volume of hydrogen would be too high as a result of this error.
This is because the presence of the bubble of air would increase the measured volume of hydrogen gas.If the magnesium ribbon appeared to be oxidized, the calculated molar volume of hydrogen would be too low as a result of this error.
This is because the oxidation of the magnesium ribbon would reduce the amount of hydrogen gas produced, resulting in a lower measured volume of hydrogen gas. For demonstration purposes, the ideal gas law may be used to calculate the maximum amount or length of magnesium ribbon that may be used.
The ideal gas law equation is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the amount of substance, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. Knowing the desired volume of the gas, the amount of substance can be calculated.
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The period of a wave is directly proportional to the wavelength of the wave. True or False
The period of a wave is directly proportional to the wavelength of the wave. True
What is the relationship between a wave's wavelength and its period?Period is the time it takes to complete one cycle of a wave, and wavelength is the distance between two identical locations in the neighbouring cycles of a wave. The number of cycles in a second is defined as frequency. In other terms, frequency = 1 / period.
An electromagnetic wave's wavelength is proportional to its frequency. Likewise, an electromagnetic wave's frequency is equal to the reciprocal of its period.
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Rank the following compounds from weakest intermolecular forces to strongest. Justify your answers.
H2S I2 H2O
Based on the types of intermolecular forces that are likely to be present, we can rank the given compounds from weakest to strongest intermolecular forces as follows: I₂, H₂S and H₂O.
What is strength of intermolecular forces?The strength of intermolecular forces is determined by the type and extent of interactions between molecules. In general, the three major types of intermolecular forces are dispersion forces (also called London forces), dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.
I₂: This is a nonpolar molecule, and the only intermolecular force present is dispersion forces, which arise from temporary fluctuations in electron density that create instantaneous dipoles. Dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces, so I₂ has the weakest intermolecular forces among the given compounds.
H₂S: This is a polar molecule, and it exhibits dipole-dipole forces in addition to dispersion forces. Dipole-dipole forces arise from the attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another. Although dipole-dipole forces are stronger than dispersion forces, they are still weaker than the next type of intermolecular force.
H₂O: This is a polar molecule that exhibits both dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole force that arises when hydrogen atoms in molecules are bonded to highly electronegative atoms (such as oxygen or nitrogen). The hydrogen bond is a particularly strong intermolecular force, and as a result, H₂O has the strongest intermolecular forces among the given compounds.
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cycloalkenes of seven or fewer atoms have a cis double bond geometry, since a trans geometry would introduce too much strain.
Cycloalkanes of eight or fewer more atoms have a cis double bond geometry. Since a trans geometry will introduce too much strain.
The cycloalkanes are defined as the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. It consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single. Cis and trans isomers are defined as the types of geometric isomers where the functional group is placed differently with regards to the double bond. A cis isomer has molecules on one side of the double bond that is why it cause too much strain in the ring. If the two substituents are on the same side of the double bond then the configuration of the bond is called cis double bond geometry. A trans isomer has molecules on the other side of the double bond as it forms cis double bond geometry.
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The complete question is,
cycloalkanes of eight or fewer atoms have a ---------- geometry.
The activation energy Ea for a particular reaction is 50.0 kJ/mol. How much faster is the reaction at 314 K than at 310.0 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol • K)
In comparison to 310.0 K, the reaction happens 1.28 times faster at 314 K.
A higher K value: what does it mean?A high K value (higher than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more products than reactants, whereas a low K value (less than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more reactants than products.
The Arrhenius equation, which connects the rate constant (k) to the activation energy (Ea) and temperature (T), can be used to determine how much faster the reaction happens at 314 K than it does at 310.0 K. k = A * exp(-Ea / (R * T))
where T is the temperature in Kelvin, R is the gas constant, and A is the preexponential factor.
For this reaction, we can assume that the pre-exponential component is fixed and that the sole variable is temperature.
exp[(Ea / R) * (1/T1 - 1/T2)] = k2 / k1
where Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, k1 is the rate constant at 310.0 K, and k2 is the rate constant at 314 K.
k2 / k1 = exp[(50.0 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/mol•K)) * (1/310.0 K - 1/314 K)] is the result of substituting the provided numbers.
If we condense this phrase, we get:
k2 / k1 = 1.28
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which of the following describes an experimental technology being used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from coal?
Carbon capture and storage is one experimental method being utilised to lower carbon dioxide emissions from coal (CCS).
One experimental technique being used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from coal is carbon capture and storage (CCS). With CCS, carbon dioxide emissions from factories or power plants are captured and either stored underground in geological formations or used to improve oil recovery.
Coal and other fossil fuels have the potential to drastically cut their carbon dioxide emissions, but CCS technology currently in the experimental stage. Unfortunately, because of its expensive cost and technical implementation difficulties, the technology is not yet extensively employed. In order to address the current climate problem, efforts to cut CO2 emissions are essential.
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What experimental technology is being used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from coal?
if we had 79.3 grams of xe, would we expect a volume that is greater than or less than that obtained with neon
If we had 79.3 grams of Xe, we would expect a volume that is greater than that obtained with neon.
The volume of a gas depends on the number of moles of gas, temperature, and pressure. The gas's molar mass is not a factor in determining the volume of the gas. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, can be used to find the volume of a gas.
PV = nRT can be rearranged as V = (nRT)/P, where V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and P is the pressure of the gas. We can see that the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas. Therefore, a greater number of moles of gas would correspond to a larger volume.
If we had 79.3 grams of Xe, we can use the molar mass of Xe to find the number of moles of Xe. The molar mass of Xe is 131.29 g/mol.
Therefore, the number of moles of Xe would be:79.3 g Xe / 131.29 g/mol = 0.604 moles of Xe
On the other hand, if we had neon, which has a molar mass of 20.18 g/mol, the number of moles of neon would be 79.3g Ne / 20.18 g/mol = 3.93 moles of Ne
Therefore, we can see that the number of moles of neon is greater than the number of moles of Xe. Therefore, we would expect a greater volume of neon compared to Xe.
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