one lesson of the french revolution, hegel says, is that reason unfolds in history slowly, first in abstract forms, only later making itself concrete T/F

Answer:

Joint-stock companies were formed in Europe in the early seventeenth century as a means to limit the many risks and costs associated with certain types of business. In a joint-stock company, individuals were able to purchase portions of the company in the form of shares, thus making the new shareholders partial owners and investors in the company.

Explanation:

In Belgium, German soldiers slept in a variety of locations.

They slept in houses, public spaces, and schools in urban areas.

They slept in barns, outhouses, or tents in the countryside.

Some soldiers slept in unique camps or dormitories.

Depending on where they were in Belgium, and throughout time, different spots, they would sleep.

German soldiers slept in a variety of locations throughout Belgium during World War II, including schools, public buildings, residences, barns, and camps, depending on their location and the accessibility of lodging.

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The Iranian shah's regime was criticized by the ayatollahs in part because of the reduced influence of religion on the administration. After years of opposition to Shah Pahlavi, Ayatollah Khomeini became the supreme religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979.

What was one thing the ayatollahs had against the Iranian Shah's rule?

Khomeini worked to remove the Shah from power due to his ties to the West after being appointed as the Ayatollah. Ayatollah Khomeini was named Iran's permanent religious and political leader after the revolution was successful.

The founder of the Islamic republic that was created in 1979 and its first leader (rahbar), Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, were both Iranians. He explained the idea of "guardianship of the jurist" (velyat-e faqh), the historical foundation for Iran's Islamic republic. Khomeini was a staunch advocate for the globalization of Islam. Khomeini declared: "We shall export our revolution to the whole globe" in one of his addresses. There will be conflict up till the scream "There is no god but Allah" is heard throughout the earth.

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The application of mechanical power to the production process that started in England around 1750 is known as b. the industrial revolution.

The industrial revolution is a period of time from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century that saw significant technological advancements, including the use of steam power to drive machinery in factories and textile mills. This revolution greatly increased productivity and led to the mass production of goods that made consumer goods more affordable and accessible to the general public.

The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important events in world history, as it was the time when humans first began to harness the power of machines to do work. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-1700s and quickly spread to other parts of Europe and the United States. The use of machines allowed factories to produce goods faster and more cheaply than ever before, and this led to a huge increase in production and economic growth.

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Answer:

By the 1970s, a new civil service reform movement began with the goal of making the civil service more responsive to the personnel needs of executives and managers.

The Civil Service System was begun in the late 19th century to reform the way government jobs were filled.

What is brief history of the Civil Service?

Before the establishment of the Civil Service System, government jobs were often awarded based on political patronage, rather than merit or qualifications.

The Civil Service System was designed to create a merit-based system in which government jobs would be awarded based on a candidate's qualifications and ability to perform the job, rather than political connections.

This helped to create a more efficient and effective government by ensuring that qualified individuals were hired to fill government jobs, and it also helped to reduce corruption and favoritism in the hiring process.

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Answer:

According to the 1944 treaty between the United States and Mexico, the U.S. government would permit a certain amount of water from the Colorado River to flow through to Mexico and Mexico would send an equal amount of water from the Rio Grand tributaries to Texas farmers.

Answer:

I would agree with the statement "Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you." There is a lot of evidence that suggests that spending time in nature can have a positive impact on physical, mental, and emotional health.

Studies have shown that spending time in nature can lower stress levels, improve mood, increase creativity, and enhance cognitive function. Additionally, exposure to nature has been linked to a range of health benefits, such as reduced blood pressure, improved immune system function, and decreased risk of chronic diseases.

Furthermore, studying nature can help us understand the complex systems and processes that govern the world around us, and how we can interact with them in a sustainable and harmonious way. Appreciating and respecting nature can also foster a sense of connection and responsibility towards the environment, which is critical for addressing pressing environmental issues such as climate change, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity.

Overall, I would say that staying close to nature can provide numerous benefits for individuals and society as a whole.

Explanation:

Fossil evidence cuvier used to conclude that the world used to be full of species that are no longer around today.

Cuvier laughed at the notion that any live descendants of these extinct creatures would be hiding out on the planet today, undiscovered. Cuvier argued that they were distinct species that had gone extinct. He examined a variety of other extinct big mammal fossils and proved that none of them belonged to any living species.

He proposed that the Earth underwent periodic abrupt shifts, each of which had the potential to wipe out a number of species, based on fossil evidence. Any subsequent scientific theory of life would have to account for extinctions, which Cuvier demonstrated as a reality.

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On foot, it takes 226 miles to get from Bucktown to Philadelphia and 306 miles to get from Philadelphia to St. Catherines, Canada. Hence, the total mileage (in miles) travelled on this trip from Bucktown to Philadelphia and from Philadelphia to St. Catharine is total (226 + 306) miles, which equals 532 miles.

In Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, South Coventry Township contains the historic, unincorporated settlement of Bucktown. The Owen J. Roberts School District's main campus, which houses the Owen J. Roberts Middle School and the Owen J. Roberts High School, is situated at the junction of Routes 23 and 100.

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The phrase "employ all its resources to bring the government of the German Empire to terms and end the war" refers to the fact that the Allies wanted to use all of their available resources to force Germany to surrender and end the war.Overall, the goal was to use a combination of military, economic, and political pressure to force Germany to surrender and end the war.

The phrase is a reference to the fact that the Allies were committed to using all available resources to achieve this goal, including military force, economic pressure, and political pressure.In particular, the Allies were committed to using military force to defeat Germany on the battlefield. This involved launching major offensives against German positions, as well as conducting a naval blockade of German ports to cut off the country's supply lines.The Allies were also committed to using economic pressure to force Germany to surrender. This involved blocking German access to vital resources like food and raw materials, as well as imposing heavy taxes and tariffs on German goods in order to weaken the country's economy.Finally, the Allies were committed to using political pressure to force Germany to end the war. This involved working to isolate Germany diplomatically, as well as using propaganda to turn public opinion against the German government. Overall, the goal was to use a combination of military, economic, and political pressure to force Germany to surrender and end the war.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are several reasons why the government might need to step in on big businesses:

Monopolies and antitrust issues: When a single company dominates a market, it can stifle competition, limit consumer choice, and drive up prices. The government may need to step in to regulate or break up monopolies to ensure a fair and competitive marketplace.

Consumer protection: Large corporations can sometimes prioritize profits over the safety and well-being of consumers. The government may need to regulate business practices or impose safety standards to protect consumers from harm.

Environmental protection: Corporations can also have a significant impact on the environment, from pollution to deforestation. The government may need to impose regulations or taxes to incentivize businesses to adopt more environmentally sustainable practices.

Workers' rights: Large corporations have the power to exploit workers, pay low wages, and offer poor working conditions. The government may need to regulate labour practices, such as minimum wage laws or workplace safety regulations, to protect workers from exploitation.

Economic stability: Big businesses can have a significant impact on the economy, and their failures or mismanagement can lead to financial crises. The government may need to step in to provide bailouts or other forms of support to prevent widespread economic harm.

In summary, the government may need to step in on big businesses to ensure fair competition, protect consumers, preserve the environment, promote workers' rights, and maintain economic stability.

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The Pendleton Act of 1883, the first piece of federal legislation to begin breaking down the spoils system, created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process.

The Pendleton Act of 1883, also known as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, was passed by the US Congress in response to public outcries over the patronage or "spoils" system that had long dominated federal appointments. It established the US Civil Service Commission to oversee federal appointments in the hope of ensuring that individuals who were employed in the federal government were qualified and deserving of their positions.

Bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise federal job application process. The act established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to supervise the federal job application process. The Commission was made up of three commissioners, each of whom served a six-year term.

The Commission's responsibility was to oversee the implementation of the civil service system, which provided for the selection of qualified individuals for government jobs through competitive examinations, rather than through the spoils system.

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Irish and German  were the majority of immigrants entering the united states. Hundreds of thousands of Ireland and Germany residents immigrated to America in the middle of the 19th century to be an outcome of hunger and instability in politics in Europe.

Numerous thousands of individuals in Irish perished from hunger and illness during the potato-related food shortages of the the year 1840. Many Irish people made the decision to emigrate to the United States.  The majority were in abject poverty and many were malnourished and ill. Since disease had decimated the crops of potatoes harvest and left hundreds of millions with no sustenance, they ought to had to leave. Better Employment Chances in America. Europeans looked for land, freedom, and chance. A lot of individuals were escaping economic and political turmoil in their home nations.

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Unfairness in the local public school system was the root of the East Los Angeles walkouts. The majority of Chicanos lived in East Los Angeles. The majority of students in the local schools—roughly 130,000 Latino kids—were of this group.

The East Los Angeles Walkouts were a rallying cry for the city's Latino kids to demand their civil rights and the right to an education. The demonstration is still one of the biggest student protests in American history, despite the Board of Education's rejection.

The school system at the time paid little attention to Mexican American history, and Chicano students were frequently encouraged to pursue practical vocations rather than higher education while also being barred from speaking Spanish. Improvements in city schools were made as a result of the walkouts, which brought systematic injustices to light.

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One way Mayor William B. Hartsfield helped the development of Atlanta was by promoting the growth of the city's transportation infrastructure.

He oversaw the construction of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, which would go on to become one of the busiest airports in the world. He also supported the development of a commuter rail line in the city, known as the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), which opened in 1979.

Mayor Hartsfield was also known for his efforts to promote racial infrastructure harmony in the city. He famously worked with civil rights leaders to implement peaceful integration of the city's schools in the 1950s, which helped to prevent the kind of violence that had erupted in other southern cities.

While he did not bring major league sports teams to Atlanta, he did support the city's minor league baseball team, the Atlanta Crackers, and helped to secure a new stadium for the team in 1948.

Mayor Hartsfield also established affirmative action programs for hiring city contractors, which helped to ensure that minority-owned businesses had a fair chance to compete for city contracts.

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Answer:The US government mobilized the economy for war by making loans available to factories that wished to convert to wartime production, creating cost-plus contracts, coming to no-strike agreements with labor organizations, and calling for public support in the forms of rationing, scrap collection, and bond purchasing.

Explanation:

The first group of people targeted by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) were screenwriters and actors.

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was a congressional committee established in 1938 to investigate individuals and organizations with alleged ties to communism. It became more active in the 1940s and 1950s, with a focus on investigating alleged communist influence in the film industry, universities, and government agencies.

Several prominent figures in the entertainment industry, including screenwriters and actors, were called to testify before the committee and were blacklisted for their political views. This led to many people losing their jobs and facing significant personal and professional consequences.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ''Screenwriters and actors.''

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Based on the evidence provided in the text, the word that best describes Helmuth, Karl, and Rudi is persistent. Throughout the passage, the three characters are shown to continue with their mountain climbing pursuits in spite of various obstacles and challenges.

For example, Helmuth is described as being "undaunted" by the steep, treacherous terrain of the mountain, and he is willing to keep climbing even when his progress is slow. Similarly, Karl is shown to have a "dogged determination" to reach the summit, even when faced with exhaustion and injury. Rudi, too, exhibits persistence in his pursuit of mountain climbing, refusing to give up even after experiencing a near-fatal fall.

While the other three words may apply to the characters to some extent, they do not capture the essence of their personalities as well as "persistent" does. For instance, while Helmuth and Rudi may feel proud of their achievements, this feeling does not seem to be a defining characteristic for them. Likewise, while Karl and Rudi may have some level of confidence in their abilities, they do not come across as boastful or overly arrogant.

On the other hand, their persistence in the face of obstacles is a key aspect of their characters that is repeatedly highlighted throughout the text.

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Under the direction of Principal Chief John Ross, the Cherokee Nation resisted the Indian Removal Act despite Georgia's violations of its sovereignty and attacks on Cherokee citizens.

President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, giving him the power to trade Native territories inside current state boundaries for uninhabited territory west of the Mississippi. While a few tribes peacefully dispersed, many were against the practice of expulsion.

The act stipulates that "for a barter of lands with the Indians resident in any of the states and territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi," the description provided by Congress. In order to receive additional lands, more than 60,000 Native Americans from at least 18 tribes were compelled to relocate west of the Mississippi River.

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Balkan nationalism played a significant role in causing WWI by fueling tensions and conflicts between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, ultimately leading to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which triggered the war.

Balkan nationalism was a key factor in the outbreak of World War I. Nationalistic tensions and conflicts between Serbia and Austria-Hungary had been building for years and reached a boiling point when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist.

This incident sparked a series of events that resulted in a full-scale war between multiple countries. It is clear that Balkan nationalism played a major role in setting off the conflict that would become World War I.

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By the late 1960s, critics within the civil rights movement were dissatisfied with the tactics illustrated by the excerpt. These critics were increasingly likely to argue that the civil rights movement should adopt more militant and confrontational tactics to achieve its goals.

Critics within the civil rights movement were dissatisfied with the tactics illustrated by the excerpt. They argued that the movement should adopt more militant and confrontational tactics to achieve its goals.

They claimed that the gradual and nonviolent strategies supported by most leaders had not been effective in achieving equality for black Americans in the United States.

These critics urged the movement to adopt more aggressive tactics such as boycotting companies that discriminated against black people, disrupting the economy, and launching protests that made their demands clear to the public and the government.

They felt that these more confrontational approaches would get the government's attention and force it to take action. These critics were significant because they played a critical role in shaping the direction of the civil rights movement in the late 1960s.

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The United States faced several challenges in fighting the war in the Pacific during World War II. The vast distances involved in the Pacific theater made it difficult to transport troops, supplies, and equipment, and the harsh environmental conditions of the Pacific islands further complicated logistics.

What were other challenges?

The Japanese forces were also skilled in jungle warfare and used guerrilla tactics, making it challenging for the US to advance on the ground.

Additionally, the Japanese had strong defensive positions, such as on the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and were willing to fight to the death rather than surrender. The use of kamikaze attacks by the Japanese also posed a significant threat to US naval forces. Overall, the challenges faced by the United States in the Pacific required innovative strategies and perseverance to achieve victory.

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In a nutshell, Washington advocated for a modest approach that prioritized industrial education, economic self-reliance, and racial harmony, while DuBois pushed for a more aggressive approach that pursued total equality of Blacks in all aspects of life. As such, the similarities and differences between the two men capture major currents in African American thought during the Progressive Era.

The Progressive Era was an age of unparalleled social and political change that saw numerous political and intellectual currents at play, particularly in African American thought. Among the two major ideological trends were the ideas of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.What were the similarities and differences between Washington and DuBois?Booker T. Washington was the most widely recognized African American leader of his time. Washington urged Blacks to embrace industrial education, economic self-reliance, and racial harmony in order to attain respect and equality in the United States. On the other hand, W.E.B. DuBois advocated for the complete equality of Blacks in all aspects of life, including civil rights, education, and politics. According to him, it was crucial to pursue higher education and to join forces to fight the scourge of racism.In a nutshell, Washington advocated for a modest approach that prioritized industrial education, economic self-reliance, and racial harmony, while DuBois pushed for a more aggressive approach that pursued total equality of Blacks in all aspects of life. As such, the similarities and differences between the two men capture major currents in African American thought during the Progressive Era.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957.

The Little Rock Nine (were 9 black high school students selected to be the first black high school students at the segregated white high school in Little Rock Arkansas. Their arrival at the school initiated a historical conflict among local, state, and Federal jurisdiction and enforcement units known as the Little Rock Crisis.

The events, positions, and historical consequences are all quite significant. In some ways, these nine students going to high school was a harbinger for, and an initial point of, the civil rights movement.

There were various tactics used over the course of about two years, including the closing of all public schools to prevent desegregation. When the opening of private schools was blocked, racist attacks against blacks occurred.

The nine children were told that they had been selected as black children most likely to be accepted, but that they would face harassment and assault, and they should not respond with violence. They did so.

The military could get them inside the school, but could not protect them once they were inside. Their fellow students spat on them, cursed them, and physically assaulted them. One young woman had acid thrown in her eyes. Another one faced attempted murder, as other girls tried to burn her alive. And the attacks were not just from youth. One harassed student dropped her lunch tray, and was suspended for dropping the tray. So the persecution was from adults and official bodies within the school, as well.

A crucial element that made the event historical was when President Eisenhower ordered the 101st Army Airborne Division to take over the State National Guard and escort the students into the school while maintaining order. At the same time, the President federalized the Arkansas state National Guard, so that it was no longer under the command of Governor Faubus. As a result, the same soldiers who, obeying the governor’s orders, had prevented the students from entering the school now escorted them in.

The use of US armed forces on American soil is a constitutional issue. So is a state government resisting an order of the Supreme Court. Fortunately, there was no armed rebellion, and individual and mob violence was largely kept under control.

Some of the nine students have written about their experience, and seven of them reunited on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1996. Some of the white students who had persecuted them were on the show, as well.

This incident was a less famous precursor to The Stand in the Schoolhouse Door (Stand in the Schoolhouse Door) in 1963, where Alabama Governor Wallace showed up to prevent two black students from starting at the University of Alabama, violating a court order in doing so. The later event is more famous for several reasons: The governor showed up in person; Television was more prevalent and TV media were present; Kennedy was President, and federalized the Alabama National Guard, following in President Eisenhower’s footsteps, but Kennedy’s civil rights actions were more in the public eye, and the event was immortalized in Bob Dylan’s song The Times, They Are A’Changin’.

A new agency and law created by the first New Deal called FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration).

Major federal programs and agencies include the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Safety Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA). ), Social Security Administration (SSA).

They helped farmers, the unemployed, the young and the elderly. The New Deal included new restrictions and protections for the banking sector and efforts to revive the economy after prices plummeted. The New Deal program included both bills and executive orders passed by Congress during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term.

These programs focused on what historians call the "three R's."

Helping the unemployed and the poor, returning the economy to normal levels, and reforming the financial system to prevent another recession. 

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The Egyptian Book of the Dead contained religious texts and instructions for the soul’s journey after death.

The Egyptian Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian text that contains various magic spells, hymns, and prayers designed to assist the deceased on their journey into the afterlife. These texts were primarily inscribed on papyrus rolls and then placed in the tombs of the dead.

The Egyptian Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text that is believed to have been composed around 1550 BCE. The Book of the Dead is also known as The Book of Coming Forth by Day or The Spells of Going Forth by Day. This book is a collection of texts that were used to guide the deceased through the trials and obstacles of the afterlife.

The text comprises several chapters, each of which focuses on a particular aspect of the afterlife. These chapters contain hymns, prayers, and spells designed to help the deceased overcome the obstacles they encounter in the afterlife. For example, one chapter focuses on the deceased's journey through the underworld, while another deals with their judgment before the gods.

The Book of the Dead was an incredibly important text in ancient Egyptian culture. The ancient Egyptians believed that the afterlife was a dangerous place filled with countless dangers and obstacles that the deceased needed to overcome. By providing guidance and magical spells, the Book of the Dead was seen as a way to ensure that the deceased had the best possible chance of navigating the afterlife safely and successfully.The book was so important that it was often placed in the tombs of the dead to assist them on their journey.

These papyrus rolls would often contain beautifully illustrated scenes of the afterlife, as well as the spells and prayers themselves. Today, the Book of the Dead is one of the most well-known and studied ancient Egyptian texts in existence.

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Answer: The Middle East

Explanation: Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been involved in various regions across the world, including the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. However, the region where the United States has been most involved since the end of the Cold War is arguably the Middle East.

Following the Gulf War in 1991, the United States has been involved in numerous military interventions and operations in the region, including the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the ongoing conflict in Syria, and military operations against terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS.

The United States has also been involved in diplomatic efforts to promote peace and stability in the region, including the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program.

Overall, the United States' involvement in the Middle East has been driven by various factors, including concerns about terrorism and regional stability, as well as economic and strategic interests such as oil and access to important waterways like the Persian Gulf.

Egyptians frequently got buried with their most priceless or valued possessions, such as their dogs, money, or antiquities, as they believed that the hereafter will be better than their earthly life.

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After World War II, Great Britain and France were the countries empowered to draw new borders in the Middle East.

Britain and France implemented the Sykes-Picot Agreement in 1919, dividing the Arab world into nation-states. The League of Nations recognized these borders and gave French and British "mandates" to govern these states until independence was ready.

During World War I, Mark Sykes, an Englishman, and François Picot, a Frenchman, demarcated the borders of the Middle East. Two diplomats pencil divide this map of one of the world's most dangerous regions into countries that transcend ethnic and religious boundaries.

After World War II, Britain and France were the countries empowered to design new borders in the Middle East. 

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