In the oceans on either side of the Isthmus of Panama are 30 species of snapping shrimp, 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side. Species live at different water depths. Morphological and genetic data show that Atlantic and Pacific species that live at similar depths are sister species. Geological evidence indicates that the Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago and the oceans were completely separated by the isthmus about 3 million years ago. If the isthmus indeed formed gradually, which of the following patterns of genetic differences is most likely in these species pairs?
A) similar percentages of difference in DNA sequences between all pairs of sister species
B) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit deep water than between sister species that inhabit shallow water
C) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit shallow water than between sister species that inhabit deep water
D) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences among Atlantic species than among Pacific species
Answer:
B) greater percentage of difference in DNA sequences between sister species that inhabit deep water than between sister species that inhabit shallow water
Explanation:
The isthmus formed gradually. About 10 million years ago, the isthmus began to separate the waters from the bottom, and snapping shrimp individuals inhabiting the deepness were separated for the first time. Since their separation, both groups evolved according to their new environment and the pressures acting on them. They started to gradually differentiate from each other, probably suffering many mutations through the years.
About 3 million years ago, the oceans were completely separated by the isthmus, meaning that those animals inhabiting the shallowest areas were the last ones to separate from each other on each side of the isthmus. Since then, they probably also suffered many mutations that drove them to differentiation.
However, as animals inhabiting the shallowest areas were the last ones to separate and, considering the time-lapse between both divergences, the highest degree of genetic difference is expressed by the sister groups inhabiting the deepest areas. Being separated from each other for a much longer time than shallow animals gave them more time to suffer more mutations and differentiate more.
The sister species at the depth of the ocean possesses a greater difference as compared to the sister species in shallow regions. Thus, option B is correct.
Evolution is the process of inheritable changes in the species with natural selection. The species in the close generation have a higher level of similarity in the traits.
What is the relation between the sister species?The sister species are the ones with the similarity in the traits. Thus, have the same ancestors and exhibit a greater percentage of trait similarity.
Atlantic and Pacific species are sister species and have similarities in the DNA sequence.
The isthmus separation is formed later in the ocean. The species present at the deeper range are older and are evolved. The species in the shallow region have less evolution as they are separated later.
Thus, the sister species at the depth of the ocean possesses a greater difference as compared to the sister species in shallow regions. Thus, option B is correct.
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CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS SCIENCE QUESTION I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST THANK YOU !!!
Answer:
Light
Explanation:
Why would a good light bulb produce these if its a good light bulb?
Juan and Carol were studying invertebrates in biology. They knew that segmented or earth worms preferred a dark, moist habitat. During this lab, they would be investigating the responses of organisms called planaria or Dugesia tigrina. These were simple flatworms that still had a one-way digestive system and a very simple nervous system. Juan and Carol placed the planaria in a petri dish containing cool, distilled water that was partially covered with black paper. They shined a light on the dish. Next, they removed the paper and placed a small amount of chicken liver at one end of the dish. They added a few large salt crystals to the water. Finally, they added drops of hot water to the cool water in the petri dish. Their results can be seen in the data table. According to their experiment, all BUT one conclusion is valid. A) Planaria are a fresh-water organism only. B) Planaria are consumers and may be carnivores. C) Planaria have specialized cells to detect light intensity. D) Planaria have specialized cells that detect temperature change. answer and you get all my points plzzz
Answer:
A) Planaria are a fresh-water organism only.
Explanation:
Planaria are a fresh-water organism only. Although the planaria moved away from the salt crystals, it may be because of the concentration of salt rather than its presence. There are both fresh water and salt water species of planaria. The other three conclusions are supported by the data.
Planaria are consumers and may be carnivores is the correct. Thus option B is correct
What is a planaria?
Planaria also called cross-eyed worms.
They are the tiny group of flatworms belongs to phylum Platyhelminthes.
They are free-living organisms in fresh water bodies.
The body are small, measuring around 3 to 15 mm , have a soft, leaf-shaped body covered cilia and spade-shaped head with two eyes
It is otherwise called as flatworms under the ancient class of Turbellaria which is in the branch of Platyhelminthes.
Planaria can sense and respond different stimuli like light where e eyespots can detect light and allow the organism to react to it.
It can sense Chemical by the help of their head regions allow them to smell.
The auricles of the head region can sense touch and allow them to respond.
Thus option B is correct
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What enzyme is needed to synthesize DNA by adding nucleotides to DNA that are complementary to the template?
A)
helicase
B)
nuclease
topoisomerase
D)
DNA polymerase
Answer:D
Explanation:
Seems right to me
Answer: DNA Polymerase
Explanation: DID IT ON USATP
List the four powers of the president
Answer: The Constitution explicitly assigns the president the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors.
Explanation:
Do natural hazards always become natural disasters? What are some things that people can do that might influence whether or not a natural hazard will become a natural disaster?
Answer:
SLLLW
Explanation:
ability of a cell to form the whole organism
Answer:
Totipotency
Explanation:
Totipotency can be regarded as
capability of single cell to divide,develop as well as to form differentiated cells in a living body. This could be found in Meristematic plant cells since they posses the ability to develop into complete plants. Totipotent cells can be formed during sexual and asexual reproduction and these could include spores and zygotes. Some organism can experience totipotency in the sense that cells can dedifferentiate as well as regaining totipotency. Instance of this is plant cutting which used in growing an entire plant.
Which of the following statements about cell respiration is true?
A In the electron transport chain, Oz is converted to CO2.
B Glycolysis splits sugar to produce pyruvate and FADH2-
C Electrons leave the electron transport chain in a molecule of water (H20).
D
Both B and C are correct.
The statement which is true about cell respiration is; Choice B: Glycolysis splits sugar to produce pyruvate and FADH2-
Definition of terms:
Cellular respiration is a process used by all living organisms to convert glucose into energy.
Cellular respiration is a collection of three unique metabolic pathways: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis; This pathway is anaerobic and takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This pathway breaks down 1 glucose molecule and produces 2 pyruvate molecule. A process which releases FADH2- in the process.Pyruvate Oxidation: In eukaryotic cells, the mitochondria is the site of pyruvate oxidation. The release of CO2 is a characteristic of this step.The Electron transport chain: The electron transport chain is the final component of aerobic respiration and is the only portion of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen.Electrons are rapidly transferred from one component to the next to the endpoint of the chain, where the electrons reduce molecular oxygen, O2 producing water in the process.
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why potassium not an amino acid
(just give me a simple answer)
Potassium is an atom......
Which of the following tropisms are the
same as geotropism?
a. thigmotropism
b. hydrotropism
c. phototropism
d. gravitropism
Answer:
d
Explanation:
d.gravitropism as it's both going downwards
why doesn't the periosteum cover the articular cartilage of a long bone
The periosteum does not cover the articular cartilage of a long bone because it is not located in the part of the bone where the joint is formed.
The main function of articular cartilage is to facilitate the movement of a joint in any mechanical circumstance.
The periosteum is a membrane that is part of the constitution of the bones, and that is located throughout the entire bone body, with the exception of the area that is destined for the articular surface.
It is found throughout the central part of the bone, that is, it passes through the entire diaphysis and reaches the metaphysis.
It disappears in the epiphysis because it is the area that generates contact with the tissues that make up the joints, necessary for movement.
Therefore, we can conclude that the periosteum is a membrane that covers all the bones, except the area that is destined for the articular surface.
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Which enzyme functions to prevent supercoiling of the DNA molecule during replication?
A)
Helicase
B)
Topoisomerase
C)
RNA polymerase
D)
DNA polymerase
Answer:
B
Explanation:
You gain health benefits from exercising for a minimum of
a 10 minutes three times a week
b. 10 minutes two times a week
C 20 minutes three times a week
d. 20 minutes two times a week
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
O O O O
ооо »
Answer:
c. 20 minutes three times a week
Explanation:
Exercising is very important, becuase it improves your health and reduce the risk of developing several diabetes, cancer and many other terrible other effects. Physical activity and exercise can have immediate and long-term health benefits. Regular activity can improve your quality of life.
Go out and exercise! Even if it's just yoga!
Hope this really helps!
Answer:
C.20 Minutes Two Times A Week
Explanation:
B. Exercises
Exercise 1 True or False
Directions: Write Tif the statement is TRUE and Fif the statement is FALSE in your
answer
sheet.
1. T The installation of pipe is plumbing.
Steel piping is designed for a long list of applications.
3. Cutting Tools used in measuring number relating the item under study and the referenced
unit of measurement.
Measuring tools help hand tools and power tools work together, especially important for the
variety of drilling tasks that get done in woodworking.
5. Holding Tools used for holding firmly any material that has to be cut.
6. Indicates the quantity and unit of materials still available in the stockroom is the Balance on
Hand.
7. Unit writes the unit of measuring quantity.
8. A price of material per piece or per unit is Unit Price.
9. The one who signed a signature in a borrower's slip is a borrower.
10. Job Order is not workings sheet that server as a complete guide of the student to a certain
task to be done.
11. Materials and tools are not in accordance with specifications.
12. Check the tools with accessories. See to it that nothing is missing.
13. Check if the materials and tools are of correct specifications,
14. Get replacements for those unreturned materials or tools.
15. Take the issued materials and tools to the workplace.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
exercise can out use food is bad thing in body work smell feeling bad out anut
Free radicals are
a. generated during bacterial infections
b. highly reactive atom containing all paired electrons
c. oxygen gas we breathe
Answer:
a. generated during bacterial infections
Explanation:
Free radicals are atoms with an unpaired electron which make them highly reactive. Many of these are necessary for life, such as the intracellular killing of bacteria by phagocytic cells such as granulocytes and macrophages
write a paragraph to describe what happens to a population with each type of natural selection. Pleasseee I rlly need to turn this in to bring up my grade.
characteristics that necessitated success of birds in essay form
Answer:
Evolution.
Explanation:
Evolution is the characteristics that allows the bird to be successful in this environment because with the passage of time the birds adopted themselves according to their environment. Birds are evolved from the dinosaurs which was unable to survive due to lack of adaptation to the new environment and less availability of food for themselves so that's why birds are successfully survive in the new environment.
What would the complementary strand of GTCCGTAACGTAT be?
Answer:
CAGGCATTGCATA
Explanation:
Given: GTCCGTAACGTAT
Under Chargaff's rule, Adentine is equal to Thymine, and Cytosine is equal to Guanine. (A=T, C=G)
Help me answer this biology question Urgent
Answer:
1) Producers
2) Photosynthesis
3) Consumers
4) Herbivores
5) Carnivores
6) Decomposers
Explanation:
The DNA molecule is genetic material that is-
A. found in the mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes
B.Composed of adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
C. The building block of cellular chromosomes
Really need help
Answer:
C Building block of cellular chromosomes
How are fossil fuels formed from geologic processes?
How are fossil fuels formed from geologic processes?
A. Fossil fuels are formed when mineral deposits are recrystallized due to high temperature and pressure over time.
Fossil fuels are formed when mineral deposits are recrystallized due to high temperature and pressure over time.
B. Fossil fuels are formed when biomass is covered by sediment, and the biomass experiences high temperature and pressure over time.
Fossil fuels are formed when biomass is covered by sediment, and the biomass experiences high temperature and pressure over time.
C. Fossil fuels are formed when tectonic plates slide past one another, creating small rock fragments.
Fossil fuels are formed when tectonic plates slide past one another, creating small rock fragments.
D. Fossil fuels are formed when tectonic plates collide together, forcing rock fragments deep underground.
Answer:
Fossil fuels are formed when mineral deposits are recrystallized due to high temperature and pressure over time.
Fossil fuels are formed when mineral deposits are recrystallized due to high temperature and pressure over time.
Explanation:
How are fossil fuels formed from geologic processes? Fossil fuels are formed when mineral deposits are recrystallized due to high temperature and...
ANSWER
Fossil fuels are formed when biomass is covered by sediment, and the biomass experiences high temperature and pressure over time. The correct option is B.
What are fossil fuels?Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that were buried in sedimentary rock layers millions of years ago.
Over time, these organic materials are subjected to high temperatures and pressure, resulting in the transformation of organic matter into fossil fuels.
These hydrocarbons migrate through the surrounding rock over millions of years and accumulate in underground reservoirs, where they can be extracted and used as energy sources.
Fossil fuel formation is a slow process that requires specific geological conditions such as the presence of sedimentary rocks, high temperature, and pressure.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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mendels law of independent assortment
Answer:
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene. Let's look at a concrete example of the law of independent assortment.
Explanation:
Explain how the genetic disease called Sickle Cell Anemia is more prevalent in African- Americans compared to other races because of the Malaria Disease.
Answer:
Explanation:
This is because sickle cell disease is common in malaria dorminated area because their traits confers resistance to malaria. The red blood cells, which contain abnormal hemoglobin become sickle in shape after it has been affected by malaria parasite. Therefore, most American that have African ancestry are at high risk of
the disease because the African ancestry are carriers if this gene and are inherited by the Americans.
What does this model represent
What is the central dogma, essential truth, of biology?
Answer:
The correct answer is - C.
Explanation:
The central dogma the two-process system that is an essential truth of biology as it is the basis of complete living organisms. It is a particular pattern of information that takes place in our cells by the process known as transcription and translation.
During Transcription DNA forms the basis of RNA and then in translation, the sequence of RNA forms the amino acids and the proteins are forms by these amino acids. Proteins is the structural part of the living organism.
6. Make connections: Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to
take place?
Answer:
A condition necessary for evolution to occur is that a parent plant produces more offspring than can normally survive. ... A condition necessary for evolution to occur is that the traits of the "fittest" phenotypes that survive are inherited by the successful progeny. The offspring must tend to resemble their parents.
Explanation:
A recent attempt to explain the origin of life is called the
Answer:
Abiogenesis
Explanation:
how do genes create traits in a organism
Answer:
Like chromosomes, genes also come in pairs. Each of your parents has two copies of each of their genes, and each parent passes along just one copy to make up the genes you have. Genes that are passed on to you determine many of your traits, such as your hair color and skin color.
is this what you are looking for
“Friendly" microbes secure a place to live and grow,
keeping less friendly microbes from taking control.
Is this an example of mutualism or not?
Answer:
yes because this positivley affectz both friendly microbes
HELP!!!! FOR A TEMPLE GRANDIN ASSIGNMENT. WILL GIVE BRAINLY THING
how do you know which way a horse is looking?
Answer:
If its nose is facing you then it is looking to the left and the right.
Explanation:
A horses eyes are on the side of its head so where ever its nose is the eyes are lookng right and left. Hope this helps