FILL IN THE BLANK bone cells called _______ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

The standard free energy of the reaction at 23.0 °C is -394.4 kJ/mol, which can be calculated using the Gibbs free energy equation and substituting the given values for standard enthalpy change, standard entropy change, and temperature in Kelvin.

To find the standard free energy of the reaction at 23.0 °C, we can use the Gibbs free energy equation:

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

where ΔH° is the standard enthalpy change, ΔS° is the standard entropy change, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔG° is the standard free energy change.

First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin:

T = 23.0 + 273.15 = 296.15 K

Next, we can substitute the values given in the question:

ΔH° = -393.5 kJ/mol

ΔS° = (213.6 J/K/mol) - [(5.69 J/K/mol) + (205.0 J/K/mol)] = 2.91 J/K/mol

T = 296.15 K

ΔG° = (-393.5 kJ/mol) - (296.15 K)(2.91 J/K/mol)

ΔG° = -393.5 kJ/mol - 862.25 J/mol

ΔG° = -394.4 kJ/mol

Therefore, the standard free energy of the reaction at 23.0 °C is -394.4 kJ/mol.

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Complete question is in the image attached below

Answer:

Carbonothioyl dibromide, also known as CBr2S, has a bond angle of approximately 109.5 degrees, which is the typical tetrahedral bond angle for molecules with sp3 hybridization.

The molecular shape of CBr2S is also tetrahedral, with the two bromine atoms and the sulfur atom arranged at the corners of a tetrahedron, and the carbon atom at the center.

The molarity of the unknown triprotic acid is 0.269M.

Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

The molarity of the unknown acid can be calculated using the following formula:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, the titration of 45.0 ml of an unknown triprotic acid required 32.71 ml of 0.37 M KOH to reach the endpoint.

45 × Ca = 32.71 × 0.37

45Ca = 12.1027

Ca = 0.269M

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Among the given species, the only one that is amphoteric is the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻.

Amphoteric species are chemical species that can act as both an acid and a base. This means that they can donate or accept a proton (H⁺) depending on the conditions of the reaction. For example, water (H₂O) is an amphoteric molecule because it can act as an acid when it donates a proton to a strong base, such as hydroxide ion (OH⁻), to form the hydronium ion (H₃O⁻). Water can also act as a base when it accepts a proton from a strong acid, such as hydronium ion, to form the hydroxide ion.

Among the given species, the only one that is amphoteric is the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻. This is because it can accept a proton (H⁺) to form bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) in the presence of a strong acid, or it can donate a proton to a strong base to form the hydrogencarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻).

The others are not amphoteric species. HPO₄²⁻ is a conjugate base of a weak acid ( H₂PO₄⁻), which means it can only act as a base. HF is a weak acid and can act as an acid but not a base. NH₄⁺ is a weak acid and can act as an acid, but not a base.

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The given chemical equation represents a reversible reaction in which two molecules of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) react to form two molecules of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and one molecule of oxygen gas (O₂).

The problem states that a 1-liter flask contains 0.50 moles of SO₃, 0.20 moles of SO₂, and 0.30 moles of O₂. These three substances react with each other to reach equilibrium, which can be determined using the equilibrium constant (Kc).

At equilibrium, the concentration of oxygen gas (O₂) is given as 0.52 M. This information can be used to calculate the concentrations of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) at equilibrium using the equilibrium constant (Kc) and the initial concentrations of the reactants.

Using the given equation for the equilibrium constant and the initial concentrations of the reactants, we can write:

Kc = [SO₂]²[O₂] / [SO₃]²

Substituting the given values, we get:

59 = [0.20 mol/L]² (0.52 mol/L) / [0.50 mol/L]²

Solving for SO₃], we get:

[SO₃] = [tex]\sqrt{[(0.20 mol/L)² (0.52 mol/L) / 59] }[/tex]= 0.10 mol/L

Similarly, solving for [SO₂], we get:

[SO₂] = 2 [SO₃] = 0.20 mol/L

Therefore, at equilibrium, the concentrations of SO₃, SO₂, and O₂are 0.10 M, 0.20 M, and 0.52 M, respectively. This means that the reaction has favored the production of SO₂and O₂ over the reactant SO₃ at equilibrium.

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Answer:

Explanation:

40/ 180.2 x (-16 / 1 mole glucose)=-3.6 KJ

The given statement is a correct explanation of why the fulminate ion is less stable and more reactive than the cyanate ion.

The formal charge can be defined as the difference between the number of valence electrons present in the free atom and the number of valence electrons present in the Lewis structure. A stable molecule has the lowest possible formal charge on each atom in its structure. Use formal charge to explain why the fulminate ion is less stable and therefore more reactive than the cyanate ion. The given statement can be explained as follows: When we analyze the formal charge of the fulminate ion, it becomes clear that the formal charge of the fulminate ion is +1 on nitrogen and -1 on two oxygens.

But when the electronegativity values are compared, nitrogen is found to be more electronegative than carbon, thus structures with a negative formal charge on C are stable and structures with a positive formal charge on N are stable. This means that the given octet rule is not obeyed, which leads to the instability of the fulminate ion. Since formal charge distribution is unfavored, this molecule is less stable and therefore more reactive. The resonance structure of the fulminate ion requires more resonance contributors to stabilize the molecule, and it does not obey the octet rule. Thus, it can be concluded that the fulminate ion is unstable mainly because it needs more resonance contributors and the formal charge distribution is unfavored.

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Answer:

There are no oxygen atoms in one molecule of serotonin. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms. Its chemical formula is C10H12N2O.

Explanation:

Answer:1 atom

Explanation: it’s at the end of the molecule

The hydronium ion concentration, [H+] of a solution with a pH of 6.82 is 1.51 × 10-⁷ M.

The hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration of a solution can be calculated from the pH using the following formula;

pH = - log {H+}

[H+] = 10−pH

by exponentiating both sides with base 10, we can "undo" the common logarithm.

{H+} = 10-⁶.⁸²

{H+} = 0.000000151356

[H+] = 1.51 × 10-⁷ M

Therefore, the hydronium ion concentration with a pH of 6.82 is 1.51 × 10-⁷ M.

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Answer:

1.82 atm

Explanation:

Ideal gas law

P=nRT/V

1) solve for n which is moles

7.16 / 4 = 1.79 mole He

2)

n=1.79

R=0.0821

T=692 K

V=55.9

P=1.79 X 0.0821 X 692 / 55.9 =1.82 atm

The atomic mass of uranium would be approximately 238.453 u.

To calculate the atomic mass of uranium, we need to take into account the percent abundance and mass of each isotope.

The atomic mass of an element is calculated by taking the weighted average of the masses of each isotope, where the weighting factor is the percent abundance of each isotope.

Let's begin by calculating the contribution of each isotope to the atomic mass of uranium:

To calculate the atomic mass, we can multiply the mass of each isotope by its percent abundance (in decimal form), and then add the products together:

Atomic mass of uranium = (238.050788 u x 0.997) + (235.043929 u x 0.003)

Atomic mass of uranium = 237.748013 u + 0.705132 u

Atomic mass of uranium = 238.453 u

Therefore, the atomic mass of uranium is approximately 238.453 u.

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a. -813.4 kJ.  enthalpy of the reaction is -813.4 kJ

One of the characteristics of a thermodynamic system is enthalpy, which is calculated by multiplying the internal energy of the system by the sum of its pressure and volume. The total enthalpy of a system cannot be directly calculated because the internal energy's components are either unknown, hard to access, or unimportant to thermodynamics.The overall reaction can be represented as: [tex]Ca(s) +\frac{ 1}{2}O_2(g) + CO2(g) \rightarrow CaCO_3(s).[/tex]

The reaction enthalpy [tex](\Delta H_{rxn})[/tex]is the result of adding the reaction's separate enthalpies.The enthalpy of each of the individual reactions is given as:

[tex]Ca(s) + \frac{1}{2}0_2(g) \rightarrow Cao(s) \Delta H_{rxn} = -635.1 kJ CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow Cao(s) + CO2(g) \Delta H_{rxn} = 178.3 kJ[/tex]

Therefore, the overall enthalpy change for the reaction is given as:

[tex]\Delta H_{rxn} = \Delta H_{rxn}(Ca(s) +\frac{ 1}{2}0_2(g) \rightarrow Cao(s)) +\Delta H_{rxn} (CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow Cao(s) + CO2(g))[/tex]

[tex]\Delta H_{rxn} = -635.1 kJ + 178.3 kJ \Delta H_{rxn} = -813.4 kJ[/tex]

Therefore,The reaction's enthalpy is -813.4 kJ.

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complete question:Calculate delta Hrxn for Ca(s) + 1/202(g) + CO2(g) => CaCO3(s) given the following set of reactions:  Ca(s) + 1/202(g) => Cao(s) delta Hrxn = -635.1 kJ CaCO3(s) => Cao(s) + CO2(g) delta Hrxn = 178.3 kJ  a. -813.4 kJ  

b. -456.8 kJ

c. 813.4 kJ

d 456.8 kJ

e. None of these is within 5% of the correct answer.

However, it is commonly approximated as 3.14159.

An irrational number is a number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or ratio of two integers. It is a non-repeating, non-terminating decimal. Examples of irrational numbers include pi (π), the square root of 2 (√2), and the golden ratio (∅).

In mathematics, a terminating decimal is a decimal number that has a finite number of digits after the decimal point, i.e., the decimal representation ends in a finite number of zeroes. For example, 0.75, 2.0, and 0.0625 are terminating decimals.

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The magnitude of the electric force that the water molecule exerts on the chlorine ion is 1.08×10-58 N.

The first thing we need to know is that:

Electric force is given by;

[tex]F=kq1q2d2[/tex]

Where, k=Coulomb's constant=9×109, N⋅m2⋅C-2q1 and q2 are charges, d is distance between charges, thus this formula applies to point charges. However, in this question, we are not given point charges, but a dipole moment.

So we can use the equation:

[tex]F=E2p[/tex]

where, E is the electric field and, p is the dipole moment. Thus, to find the magnitude of the electric force that the water molecule exerts on the chlorine ion, we have to calculate the electric field of the dipole moment at the location of the chlorine ion, and then multiply the result by the magnitude of the dipole moment.

Part B:

Electric field of a dipole moment at any point on the axial line is given by;

[tex]E=2kp cosθr3[/tex]

where, k is Coulomb's constant,θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the axial line, and, r is the distance from the center of the dipole moment to the point where the electric field is measuredcosθ=1, because the angle between the dipole moment and the axial line is 0°.

Thus, we have;

[tex]E=2kp r3[/tex]

where, p is the magnitude of the dipole moment, r is the distance between the center of the dipole moment and the point where the electric field is measured.

Therefore, at the location of the chlorine ion, we have;

r=3.00×10-9m

Applying the formula for electric field

[tex]E=2kp r3E[/tex]

=2(9×109 N⋅m2⋅C-2)(6.17×10-30 C⋅m)(3.00×10-9m)3

=1.25×10-4 N/C

Thus, the magnitude of the electric force that the water molecule exerts on the chlorine ion is given by;

F=E2p

F=(1.25×10-4 N/C)2(6.17×10-30 C⋅m)

F=1.08×10-58 N

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric force that the water molecule exerts on the chlorine ion is 1.08×10-58 N.

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The chemical equation C6H12O6 → 6C + 6H2 + 3O2 states that 6 moles of Carbon (C) are produced when 1 mole of C6H12O6 is reacted. So the correct answer is A)6 moles

This can be determined by using the mole ratios from the equation. The mole ratios show the amount of each substance that is used in the reaction and the amount that is produced. The equation states that for every 1 mole of C6H12O6, 6 moles of Carbon (C) are produced.
To determine the amount of Carbon produced, the mole ratio of Carbon can be used. In this case, the mole ratio is 6:1, meaning that 6 moles of Carbon are produced for every 1 mole of C6H12O6. This means that the answer to the question is 6 moles of Carbon.
In conclusion, the answer to the question "How many moles of carbon are produced?" is 6 moles of Carbon. This answer can be determined by using the mole ratios from the chemical equation C6H12O6 → 6C + 6H2 + 3O2, which states that for every 1 mole of C6H12O6, 6 moles of Carbon are produced. So the correct answer is A)6 moles

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19.641 moles of HCl will be produced when 873 g of AlCl₃ are reacted according to this chemical equation.

To determine the number of moles of HCl produced, we need to first calculate the number of moles of AlCl₃ using its molar mass and the given mass:

Molar mass of AlCl₃ = 133.34 g/mol

Number of moles of AlCl₃ = 873 g / 133.34 g/mol = 6.547 moles

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 2 moles of AlCl₃ reacts to form 6 moles of HCl.

So, we can use this ratio to determine the number of moles of HCl produced:

Number of moles of HCl = (6.547 mol AlCl₃) x (6 mol HCl / 2 mol AlCl₃) = 19.641 moles

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Answer:

According to the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

1 volume of nitrogen (N₂) reacts with 3 volumes of hydrogen (H₂) to form 2 volumes of ammonia (NH₃) at the same temperature and pressure.

Therefore, if 300 ml of nitrogen (N₂) reacts with 300 ml of hydrogen (H₂), the limiting reactant will be hydrogen, since it is present in the smallest amount. To find the volume of ammonia (NH₃) formed, we can use the volume ratio from the balanced chemical equation:

1 volume of N₂ + 3 volumes of H₂ → 2 volumes of NH₃

Since we have 300 ml of H₂, which is equivalent to 3 volumes of H₂, the maximum volume of ammonia (NH₃) that can be formed is:

2 volumes of NH₃ = 300 ml of H₂ × (2 volumes of NH₃ / 3 volumes of H₂) = 200 ml

Therefore, the correct option is (b) 200 ml.

Base: Water, b. [tex]HCN[/tex] Acid Base [tex]OH-[/tex] , c. Base: I- Acid:[tex]HgI2[/tex] . Chemical substances known as acids have the ability to donate a proton [tex](H+)[/tex] to a base or another molecule.

Chemical substances known as acids have the ability to donate a proton [tex](H+)[/tex]  to a base or another molecule. They have a sour flavour, have the power to dissolve metals, and can make litmus paper turn red. On the pH scale, where 7 is neutral and lower numbers indicate higher acidity, acids have a pH below 7. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid are a few typical examples of acids. Acids are essential for many chemical processes, such as digestion, the creation of energy, and the synthesis of numerous significant chemicals. Also, they are employed in a number of sectors, such as industry, food production, and agriculture.

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Yes, the increase in surrounding energy for any chemical reaction is supported by the first law of thermodynamics, which means that the total energy in the universe is constant.

Thermodynamics is the branch of science concerned with the study of heat changes in various chemical processes. There are four basic laws of thermodynamics named zeroth law, first law, second law, and third law which represents all changes in reaction.

The first law of thermodynamics states that "energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, but can be converted from one form to another", and if a system loses energy in the process, it can gain some through the environment.

It simply changes from one form to another, so the total energy of the universe is conserved.

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Complete question:

Is the energy of the surroundings increases for any chemical reaction supported by the first law of thermodynamics?

The two nitrogens in the formamidinium ion exhibit a trigonal pyramidal geometry. The correct option is (C).

When analyzing the geometry exhibited by the two nitrogens in the formamidinium ion. Geometry is the configuration of a molecule or a compound that deals with the shapes of the individual atoms in relation to each other. The geometry of the molecule is determined by the number of lone electron pairs and bonded pairs of electrons available to it.

Lewis structure of the formamidinium ion is shown below:

NH2A н-с NH2B

This structure contains two nitrogen atoms, nitrogen A and nitrogen B. Nitrogen A has three lone electron pairs and one bonding pair of electrons, while nitrogen B has two bonding pairs of electrons and one lone electron pair.

As a result, nitrogen A has a trigonal pyramidal geometry, whereas nitrogen B has a trigonal planar geometry.

Therefore, the correct answer is option (C) trigonal pyramidal.

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