Economists assume that the goal of consumers is to:
a. do as little work as possible to survive.
b. be as happy as possible given their income.
c. expend all of their income.
d. consume as much as possible.

This is how Cone Corporation must classify each item on a balance sheet in order for it to be reported correctly.

1. $62,000 in restricted cash in a savings account to pay off a debt. The debt is due in 2028. Restricted cash must be reported separately from regular cash in the assets section of the balance sheet. In this scenario, the cash of $62,000 that is restricted to pay debt due in 2028 will be reported as a long-term asset in the restricted cash section.

2. Prepaid rent of $36,000, which covers the period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2026. Prepaid rent is an example of a prepaid expense. It will be reported as a current asset on the balance sheet. Since it covers the period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2026, it will be reported as two-year prepaid rent. The actual portion of the rent paid in advance is $18,000, which will be reported in the current assets section of the balance sheet, while the remaining $18,000 will be reported in long-term assets.

3. Notes payable of $224,000. The notes are payable in annual installments of $32,000 each, with the first installment due March 1, 2025. The notes payable are liabilities that mature in the future. Because the first installment on March 1, 2025 is due within one year from the balance sheet date, notes payable will be reported as $32,000 in the current portion of the long-term liabilities section of the balance sheet, while that the remaining $192,000 will be reported in the long-term liabilities section of the balance sheet.

4. Accrued interest payable of $24,000 related to notes payable is due on June 30, 2025. Accrued interest payable will be reported in current liabilities because it is due on June 30, 2025, within one year of the balance sheet date.

5. Investment in capital securities of other corporations, $104,000. Cone intends to sell half of the securities in 2025. Investments in equity securities of other companies will be classified as long-term investments on the balance sheet, as they are not intended to be liquidated in the near future. Since Cone intends to sell half of the securities in 2025, $52,000 of the securities will be reported as current assets, while the remaining $52,000 will be reported as long-term investments.

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It is highly appropriate and heavily accurate to say that the variable costing of income statements are based on the format of contribution margin. Therefore, the said statement holds true.

The income statements of an accounting firm can be taken into the perspective of understanding as the one wherein the revenues and expenditure of the firm are recorded. Moreover, these statements are always considered with contribution margin, whenever there is an involvement of the variable costs during the particular accounting period.

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Complete question

Variable costing income statements are based upon a Contribution margin format. (True or False)

Since 1950, the average length of expansions in the United States has become longer as compared to before 1950. (option A)

Historically, the United States has experienced economic expansions and contractions, known as business cycles. These cycles are characterized by periods of economic growth and expansion, followed by periods of economic decline and contraction. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) has identified 11 business cycles in the United States since 1945.

According to research by the NBER, the average length of economic expansions in the United States has increased since 1950. Prior to 1950, the average length of expansions was around 26 months, while since 1950, the average length of expansions has been around 58 months.

This trend toward longer expansions is thought to be due to a variety of factors, including improvements in technology, changes in monetary policy, and a more diversified and resilient economy.

Therefore, the correct option is A) the average length of expansions in the United States has become longer as compared to before 1950.

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The total sales-quantity variance in terms of the contribution margin is $316,000 favorable. Calculate the total sales-quantity variance using the following formula:

Total sales-quantity variance = (Actual sales – Budgeted sales) × Budgeted contribution margin per unit Budgeted sales of the Standard vacuum cleaner = 2,700 units Budgeted selling price of the Standard vacuum cleaner = $600Budgeted contribution margin per unit of the Standard vacuum cleaner = $500Budgeted sales of the Super vacuum cleaner = 700 units Budgeted selling price of the Super vacuum cleaner = $1,700Budgeted contribution margin per unit of the Super vacuum cleaner = $1070Actual sales of the Standard vacuum cleaner = 2,800 units Actual selling price of the Standard vacuum cleaner = $650Actual sales of the Super vacuum cleaner = 1,400 units Actual selling price of the Super vacuum cleaner = $1,680For the Standard vacuum cleaner: Budgeted sales = 2,700 units Actual sales = 2,800 units Budgeted contribution margin per unit = $500Total sales-quantity variance for the Standard vacuum cleaner = (2,800 – 2,700) × $500 = $50,000FavorableFor the Super vacuum cleaner: Budgeted sales = 700 units Actual sales = 1,400 units Budgeted contribution margin per unit = $1070Total sales-quantity variance for the Super vacuum cleaner = (1,400 – 700) × $1070 = $749,000FavorableTotal sales-quantity variance = $50,000 Favorable + $749,000 Favorable= $799,000 Favorable Therefore, the total sales-quantity variance in terms of the contribution margin is $316,000 Favorable.

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The most effective opening for a persuasive letter is option (d): "The Patriotic Council promotes respect for the flag and our country, just as you do, which is why we are asking you to be our guest speaker for our Flag Day ceremony on June 14."

Option (d) is the most effective opening for a persuasive letter that invites a state representative to speak at your organization's Flag Day celebration because it does the following:

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The expenses involved in going into business, such as buying a space and purchasing equipment, are examples of Capital Expenditures.

Capital Expenditure is the cost of capital assets used to produce and sell goods or services. Capital assets can be defined as assets that can provide value for a company for more than one year or one production cycle. As a result, the cost of assets with a useful life of more than one year is classified as capital expenditures.

Investment in capital assets is essential for the expansion and long-term survival of a business. A capital asset's acquisition or replacement is an investment in the future that can help increase revenue, lower operating costs, and improve efficiency.

When a capital asset is purchased or replaced, it is generally expected to provide a return on investment over the asset's useful life.

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17. The entry for this transaction will include a debit to Equipment $2,700 and a debit to Supplies $400 for Deerhoof.

The correct option is C, debit to Equipment $2,700 and a debit to Supplies $400 for Deerhoof. Deerhoof Company purchased equipment worth $2,700 and supplies worth $400 from Milkman Co. for $3,100 cash.

Therefore, this transaction will be recorded in the accounts as follows: Debit to Equipment $2,700 and a debit to Supplies $400 for Deerhoof. Credit to Cash $3,100 for Milkman Co.45. The entry to record this transaction would include a debit to Cash of $1,700.The correct option is B, a debit to Cash of $1,700.

Hidden Camera Enterprises performed cash services of $1,700 on July 7, 2015. Therefore, this transaction will be recorded in the accounts as follows: Debit to Cash $1,700 and a credit to Service Revenue $1,700. There is no account payable, accounts receivable or any other account involved in this transaction. Hence, the correct answer is a debit to Cash of $1,700.

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An error in the ending inventory balance in Year 1 will also affect the Year 2 ending inventory and Year 2 cost of goods sold.

What is inventory balance? Inventory balance is the amount of inventory that a business has on hand at a specific point in time. It is the number of units of each inventory item on hand multiplied by the cost of each item. Inventory balance is a crucial aspect of a company's accounting because it determines the cost of goods sold, gross profit, and other financial ratios. An inventory balance that is incorrect will have a ripple effect on the company's accounting.The cost of goods sold for a given year is determined by subtracting the beginning inventory balance from the sum of the cost of goods sold plus the ending inventory balance. An error in the ending inventory balance in Year 1 will affect the Year 2 cost of goods sold because it will cause the beginning inventory balance in Year 2 to be incorrect. As a result, the cost of goods sold for Year 2 will also be incorrect. An error in the ending inventory balance in Year 1 will also affect the Year 2 ending inventory.

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In order to develop a model to provide the smallest number of locations yet make sure that each zone is covered by at least two boxes, we can use integer programming.

Integer programming is an optimization technique that can be used to solve problems such as this one, where we have a set of discrete decisions (x1, x2, x3, etc.) that must be made in order to achieve a desired outcome. The objective of this problem is to find the smallest number of locations that will cover each zone by at least two boxes.

To do this, we need to define a set of variables and constraints. The variables (x1, x2, x3, etc.) are set to either 0 or 1, depending on whether the corresponding drop box location is used. The constraints can be written as follows:

Constraint 1: Downtown Financial is served by at least two boxes (x2 + x3 + x4 + x6 ≥ 2)
Constraint 2: Downtown Legal is served by at least two boxes (x2 + x4 + x5 ≥ 2)
Constraint 3: Retail South is served by at least two boxes (x2 + x3 + x5 + x6 ≥ 2)
Constraint 4: Retail East is served by at least two boxes (x1 + x4 + x5 ≥ 2)
Constraint 5: Manufacturing North is served by at least two boxes (x2 + x3 + x4 ≥ 2)
Constraint 6: Manufacturing East is served by at least two boxes (x1 + x5 ≥ 2)
Constraint 7: Corporate West is served by at least two boxes (x2 + x3 + x6 ≥ 2)

We can then formulate the objective function as follows:
Minimize Z = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6

This problem can then be solved using an optimization algorithm. The optimal solution will indicate the smallest number of locations that cover each zone by at least two boxes.

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When Saved Chris, a new college graduate, is in the process of purchasing a car, the Kim-Lord Grid that most likely describes Chris's affective and cognitive involvement in this process is Low Affective High Cognitive.

The Kim-Lord Grid is a marketing research tool that is used to classify a customer based on the level of affective and cognitive involvement they have in a particular product or service.

When Saved Chris, a new college graduate, is in the process of purchasing a car, his cognitive involvement is likely to be high, as he will be researching and evaluating different options.

However, his affective involvement may be low, as he may not have strong emotional attachments to any particular brand or model.

Therefore, the Kim-Lord Grid that most likely describes Chris's affective and cognitive involvement in this process is Low Affective High Cognitive.

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The appropriate option for the given blank is Niche marketing.                                       Niche marketing is a process of focusing your marketing efforts on a specific segment of the markt that is likely to have unique needs or preferences. This strategy allows companies to achieve a competitive edge in markets where there is a high level of competition.

Potential customers who are aware of the company's products or services, but who have not yet made a purchase. In order to convert potential customers into actual customers, marketing efforts need to be focused and targeted.

Marketing efforts refer to the strategies, tactics, and activities that are used to promote a business and its products or services.

Niche marketing can be used to target customers who are interested in specific products or services, or who have specific demographic characteristics.

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A US consumer products company is considering expanding by directly investing in operations and sales in a foreign country.

The company should consider all the external environmental factors below EXCEPT the cannibalization of the firm's US sales.What is the meaning of cannibalization of sales? The concept of cannibalization refers to a product's decrease in sales volume as a result of the introduction of a new product or service by the same manufacturer or distributor.

When the sale of a new product/service from the same producer or distributor reduces the sale of a current product/service, cannibalization occurs. It frequently happens when a company introduces a new product or service that is similar to or substitutes for an existing product or service.

A US consumer products company must consider a variety of external environmental factors before deciding to invest in a foreign country.

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When a company believes the market price of its stock is undervalued, it may attempt to support the price by buying back shares of its own stock.

A firm may try to sustain its stock price if it thinks market price is too low by repurchasing shares of its own stock. It's referred to as a stock buyback. When there is a chance that a firm will need to buy back its own shares, it is then assumed to be able to do so. Therefore, total shares can be held as treasury stock on the firm's balance sheet.

By repurchasing its own stock, the firm lowers total number of shares that are available for trade, which may enhance demand for shares that are still available and increase their stock price. A buyback programme can also let investors know that firm ideally thinks its shares are cheap and can boost their trust in the company's financial stability and future prospects.

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C. The widget is valued at $0 from a cash flow perspective since the cash outflow of $5 to purchase the widget has already occurred, and the cash inflow of $8 from selling the widget on the account has not been received.

The cash input and outflow related to the widget's acquisition and selling establish its worth from a cash flow standpoint. ABC incurs a cash outflow of $5 when it pays $5 in cash to purchase the widget. The widget's inventory value, however, is $5 up until it is sold. ABC makes a profit of $8 when it sells the widget on account for $8, but it has not yet received any money. As a result, the widget has no value in terms of cash flow until the money is received. The widget won't actually be worth $8, which is the difference between the selling price and the cost of acquisition until the money is actually received. Hence, the widget's value is $0 from a cash flow perspective until the cash is received from the sale.

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A Futures contract is a standardized legal agreement to purchase or sell a specific product or financial instrument at a predetermined price and date in the future.

The party that agrees to buy the underlying product is said to be long, and the party that agrees to sell the underlying product is said to be short. As a result, when the futures price increases, the long position makes a profit, and when the futures price decreases, the short position makes a profit.

Therefore, when a trader enters a long position in one eurodollar futures contract and the futures price quote increases by 6 basis points (4 points), the trader will gain $250 (6 basis points x $12.50 per point x 1 contract) from the long position. Here, the value of a point is $12.50 per contract.

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The LRAS curve items depicts the production of goods and services a firm is willing to supply in the long run, independent of the price level. The SRAS items depicts the production of goods and services a firm is willing to supply in the short run, given the price level.

The LRAS curve is a vertical line at the potential level of output because it is based on the classical model, the economy will produce at full capacity. The SRAS curve slopes upwards because, in the short run, a firm's output is affected by a change in the price level.

The SRAS curve will move up or down in response to changes in the cost of production.Long-run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) Items that describe Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) are:The LRAS curve is a vertical line.The LRAS curve represents the long-term potential of an economy

The LRAS curve is determined by factors such as natural resources, The SRAS curve represents the production of goods and services in the short run.The SRAS curve is determined by factors such as labor costs, technology, and raw material costs.

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When Jack proposed a business idea to his boss in a crowded elevator, his boss just nodded his head and then forgot all about the idea. Jack's idea did not receive the response he had expected because of the setting and lack of follow-up

A good presentation is important to get the desired response from the audience. It aids in the delivery of the message effectively and clearly. When making a presentation, it's important to consider a variety of factors, including the location, setting, and audience, among other things. The boss's lack of response to Jack's business proposal was most likely due to the elevator's crowded location.

When making a proposal or giving a presentation, it is important to choose an appropriate location that is conducive to providing the audience with a good experience. This might be a room with excellent acoustics, good lighting, and a large enough area for everyone to hear and see the presentation. Also, follow-up with the audience after your presentation is important to make sure your message is heard and remembered in a long run.

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On January 1 debit allowance for doubtful accounts $6,800 and credit accounts receivable $6,800. On June 5 debit cash $900, credit accounts receivable $900 and credit allowance for doubtful accounts $900.

On January 1, Wei Company begins the accounting period with a $30,000 credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. On February 1, the company determined that $6,800 in customer accounts was uncollectible; specifically, $900 for Oakley Company and $5,900 for Brookes Company. The journal entry to write off those two accounts is as follows:

On June 5, the company unexpectedly received a $900 payment on a customer account, Oakley Company, that had previously been written off in Part A. The entries to reinstate the account and record the cash received are as follows:

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No, the slope of the total cost curve does not decrease because of the principle of diminishing marginal product.

The principle of diminishing marginal product states that as more units of a variable input, such as labor, are added to a fixed amount of capital, the marginal product of that input will eventually decrease. This means that each additional unit of labor will produce less output than the previous unit.

As a result, the total cost of production will increase at a decreasing rate, since each additional unit of output requires a greater increase in the variable input. This leads to a diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution, which means that it becomes increasingly costly to substitute one input for another as the quantity of the inputs change.

So, the slope of the total cost curve decreases due to the principle of diminishing marginal product, as the rate of increase in total cost becomes smaller with each additional unit of output.

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This illustrates the concept of price elasticity of demand.

Price elasticity of demand measures the degree of consumer responsiveness to a change in the price of a particular product or service. When a small change in price leads to a large change in the quantity demanded, demand is said to be elastic. In the case of breakfast cereals, if Kellogg's significantly increases the price of Rice Krispies, consumers are likely to switch to alternative cereals that offer a better value for their money, demonstrating that demand for Rice Krispies is elastic.

This sensitivity to price changes can affect the market share of a product and its overall profitability.

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The expected return on the minimum-variance portfolio is approximately 13.6. It is the optimized portfolio. The correct option is B.

A minimum-variance portfolio, often known as an optimized portfolio or mean-variance portfolio, is a well-balanced financial portfolio created to offer the lowest possible level of risk. This is due to its investment strategy, which focuses on low variance, low risk, and the use of modern portfolio theory.

The minimum-variance portfolio, which is a critical part of modern portfolio theory, is made up of stocks that have the lowest possible volatility, and the optimal portfolio weights are estimated using the mean-variance portfolio theory.

Using the following formula:

ER(Minimum Variance Portfolio) = wA × RA + wB × RB

where, wA and wB are the weights of stocks A and B respectively, RA and RB are the expected returns of stocks A and B respectively.

Substituting the known variables into the formula above, we have: ER(Minimum Variance Portfolio) = wA × RA + wB × RB

ER = 0.5×0.20+0.5×0.15= 0.175, which is approximately 13.6%.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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When the policy is renewed, the premiums increase at a constant rate.

As a result, Option A is correct.

The monthly or yearly premiums known as premiums in an ART policy continue on a one-year contract basis.

They may raise the cost of renewing the insurance contract.

The premium will rise as the insured grows older. The policy pays a death benefit that remains the same even after the contract is extended.

As an insured person ages, the likelihood of death increases, putting the insurance company at greater risk of having to pay out a death benefit.

Age is one of the primary factors that contribute to term insurance premium increases during the calculation process. In other words, term insurance premiums rise with the age of the insured policyholder.

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The dairy industry is an example of an allied industry that does not sell food directly but is still deeply involved in the food industry.

Allied industries provide an important role in the food industry by providing services such as the production, packaging, distribution, and marketing of food products. These services enable the food industry to produce, store, and distribute food to consumers.

Many companies, called allied industries, do not sell food directly but are still deeply involved in the food industry. The dairy industry is a good example of an allied industry. Allied industries refer to the economic activity created by indirect and direct economic ties between suppliers of goods and services and those who make goods and services available to customers.

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Option B: A given operating cash flow in euros will be translated to a higher U.S. dollar cash flow is the right answer.

The conversion effect of depreciation is the effect of exchange rate changes on the value of cash flows. When exchange rates change, the exchange value of cash flows changes as well. This is referred to as the conversion effect of depreciation or appreciation.

When there is a change in the currency exchange rate, the conversion effect of depreciation affects the value of cash flows, which can be positive or negative.

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A firm will expand the amount of output it produces as long as it  marginal revenue exceeds its marginal cost. Option (D)

A firm will expand the amount of output it produces as long as its marginal revenue exceeds its marginal cost. This is because a firm's goal is to maximize profits, and producing an additional unit of output will increase its revenue by the amount of marginal revenue, but also increase its costs by the amount of marginal cost.

Therefore, a firm will continue to produce more units of output until the marginal revenue from the last unit produced is equal to the marginal cost of producing that unit. If marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, the firm will increase production because the additional revenue earned from selling the additional output exceeds the additional cost of producing it.

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In advertising, the type of cost used to compare media vehicles is called relative cost, and it refers to the connection between the price paid for an ad and the size of the audience delivered.

What is the Relative cost?

Relative cost is used in advertising to compare media vehicles. It is a measure of the cost per unit of an audience of different media vehicles. The cost per thousand (CPM) is calculated by dividing the cost of the ad by the number of impressions delivered and multiplying by 1000. This enables advertisers to compare the cost of an ad in one media vehicle to the cost of an ad in another media vehicle.

In other words, relative cost refers to the cost of reaching one thousand people in a specific media. It is the relationship between the price of an advertisement and the size of the audience it reaches. It is a critical factor in media planning and advertising as it allows advertisers to compare media vehicles and choose the most cost-effective ones.

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If we ran 1000 simulations and the sum of the claims exceeded $50,000 200 times, then the probability of this outcome would be 200/1000 = 0.2

To answer this, we can use a Monte Carlo simulation to generate data and determine the probability of this outcome.

First, we must assume that the amounts of the claims made by each policyholder are independent and exponentially distributed with mean $800. We can simulate this by randomly generating 1000 numbers from the exponential distribution with a mean of 800, and summing them together. This can be done using a program such as R or MATLAB.

Once we have generated the data, we can count how many times the sum of the claims exceeds $50,000 and divide this number by the total number of simulations we ran. This will give us the probability that the sum of the claims exceeds $50,000.

For example, if we ran 1000 simulations and the sum of the claims exceeded $50,000 200 times, then the probability of this outcome would be 200/1000 = 0.2.

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Apple offered to return $100 to consumers who purchased an Apple computer and a printer during a three-month promotional period. Consumers provided proof of purchase in exchange for a rebate.

A rebate is an amount paid by way of reduction, return, or refund on what has already been paid or contributed. It can be paid for different purposes such as promoting product sales, offering discounts, and sometimes as a reward. A rebate is also a form of incentive offered to customers by manufacturers and retailers in the form of cashback or discount off the original price of a product.

A rebate can be given directly to the customer, or the customer can have to claim it by submitting proof of purchase to the seller within a specified period. The primary goal of a rebate is to entice customers to purchase a product, with the idea that they will spend more money than the rebate amount on other goods or services offered by the manufacturer or seller.

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The answer to the question An export subsidy usually is that it "discourages domestic buyers from importing substitute products at lowers the price paid for a product by foreign buyers relative to the price that domestic consumers pay for the subsidized product."

What is an export subsidy? An export subsidy is a government incentive that provides financial support to domestic businesses that export their products. It is intended to give domestic producers a competitive edge by lowering the price of their products in foreign markets. As a result, it stimulates domestic exports by assisting companies that wish to enter international markets. Export subsidies can take various forms, including cash incentives, tax exemptions, and grants. How do export subsidies work? Export subsidies are used to support domestic producers by lowering the price of their products in foreign markets. This is accomplished by providing financial assistance to exporters, which reduces their production costs and allows them to sell their goods for a lower price in international markets. This will make them more competitive in foreign markets, which will help to boost their exports. Export subsidies, on the other hand, have several negative consequences. They can result in higher taxes, higher prices, and lower quality products for consumers. Furthermore, subsidies can lead to an oversupply of products, which can lead to a decrease in global prices. They may also encourage the overuse of scarce resources, resulting in environmental degradation.

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The correct answer is B 36.2% for Year 2 and 40.5% for Year 1.

The Year 1 and Year 2 trend percentages for the cost of goods sold using Year 1 as the base are

Percentage change between two years is:

% change = [(year 2 - year 1) / year 1] x 100

Year 1 cost of goods sold = $151,400

Year 2 cost of goods sold = $130,000

Therefore,% change = [(130,000 - 151,400) / 151,400] x 100

% change = (-21,400 / 151,400) x 100

% change = -0.1414 x 100

% change = -14.14%

Therefore, the Year 1 and Year 2 trend percentages for the cost of goods sold using Year 1

Year 1 = 100%

Year 2 = 85.86%

Hence option B is correct at 36.2% for Year 2 and 40.5% for Year 1.

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