Answer:
a) i) The maximum pressure is approximately 122.37 bar
ii) The thermal efficiency is approximately 56.47%
iii) The mean effective pressure is approximately 20.974 bar
b) (b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine
2) The Otto engine
3) The Brayton engine
4) The Wankel engine
Explanation:
The parameters of the Otto cycle are;
The heat added, [tex]Q_{in}[/tex] = 2,800 kJ/kg
The compression ratio, r = 8
The beginning compression pressure, P₁ = 1 bar
The beginning compression temperature, T₁ = 300 K
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K
Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K
R = 287 kJ/kg·K
K = Cp/Cv = 1.005 kJ/kg·K/(0.718 kJ/kg·K) ≈ 1.4
T₂ = T₁×r^(k - 1)
∴ T₂ = 300 K×8^(1.4 - 1) ≈ 689.219 K
[tex]\dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2\cdot V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
[tex]P_2 = \dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 \cdot V_2} = \dfrac{V_1}{V_2} \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 } = r \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 }[/tex]
∴ P₂ = 8 × 1 bar × (689.219K)/300 K ≈ 18.379 bar
[tex]Q_{in}[/tex] = m·Cv·(T₃ - T₂)
∴ [tex]Q_{in}[/tex] = 2,800 ≈ 0.718 × (T₃ - 689.219)
T₃ = 2,800/0.718 + 689.219 = 4588.94 K
P₃ = P₂ × (T₃/T₂)
P₃ = 18.379 bar × 4588.94K/(689.219 K) = 122.37 bar
The maximum pressure = P₃ ≈ 122.37 bar
(ii) The thermal efficiency, [tex]\eta_{Otto}[/tex], is given as follows;
[tex]\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k - 1}}[/tex]
Therefore, we have;
[tex]\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4 - 1}} \approx 0.5647[/tex]
The thermal efficiency, [tex]\eta_{Otto}[/tex] ≈ 0.5647
Therefore, the thermal efficiency ≈ 56.47%
(iii) The mean effective pressure, MEP is given as follows;
[tex]MEP = \dfrac{\left(P_3 - P_1 \cdot r^k \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k-1}} \right)}{(k -1)\cdot (r - 1)}[/tex]
Therefore, we get;
[tex]MEP = \dfrac{\left(122.37 - 1 \times 8^{1.4} \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4-1}} \right)}{(1.4 -1)\cdot (8 - 1)} \approx 20.974[/tex]
The mean effective pressure, MEP ≈ 20.974 bar
(b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine; Compression heating is the source of the ignition, with constant pressure combustion
2) The Otto engine which is the internal combustion engine found in cars that make use of gasoline as the source of fuel
The Otto engine cycle comprises of five steps; intake, compression, ignition, expansion and exhaust
3) The Brayton engine works on the principle of the steam turbine
4) The Wankel it follows the pattern of the Otto cycle but it does not have piston strokes
Build a 32-bit accumulator circuit. The circuit features a control signal inc and enable input en. If en is 1 and inc is 1, the circuit increments the stored value by an amount specified by an input A[31:0] on the next clock cycle. If en is 1 and inc is 0 the circuit decrements the stored value by the amount specified in the input A on the next clock cycle. If en is 0, the circuit simply stores its current value without modification. The circuit has the following interface:______.
Input clock governs the state transitions in the circuit upon each rising edge.
Input clear is used as a synchronous reset for the stored value.
Input inc controls whether the value stored is to be incremented or decremented.
Input en is a control signal that activates the values increment/decrement
Input A determines how much to increment or decrement by
Output value is a 32-bit signal that can be used to read the stored value at any time.
* Note: Use any combination of combinational or sequential logic. It may be helpful to look into D Flip Flops and Registers.
Sorry need.points I'm new
A frequenter of a pub had observed that the new barman poured in average 0.47 liters of beer into the glass with a standard deviation equal to 0.09 liters instead of a half a liter with the same standard deviation. The frequenter had used a random sample of 47 glasses of beer in his experiment. Consider the one-sided hypothesis test for volume of beer in a glass: H0: u=0.5 against H1: u<0.5. Determine the P-value of this test.
Round your answer to four decimal places (e.g. 98.7654).
Answer:
P-value = 0.0011
Explanation:
Formula for the test statistic is;
z = (x¯ - μ)/(σ/√n)
We have;
Sample mean;x¯ = 0.47
Population mean; μ = 0.5
Standard deviation; σ = 0.09
Sample size; n = 47
Thus;
z = (0.46 - 0.5)/(0.09/√47)
z = -3.05
From z-distribution table attached, the p-value corresponding to z = -3.05 is;
P = 0.00114
To four decimal places gives;
P-value = 0.0011
Another name for a load-center distribution system is a A. primary radial system. B. complex radial system. C. split-radial system. D. dual-radial system.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Primary radial system
Someone please help me I’m doing this for science and I only have a few minutes left please
Answer:
A
Explanation:
microorganisms must die, build up the sediment, heat and pressure needed to compress and form fossil fuels
The steam requirements of a manufacturing facility are being met by a boiler whose rated heat input is 5.5 x 3^106 Btu/h. The combustion efficiency of the boiler is measured to be 0.7 by a hand-held flue gas analyzer. After tuning up the boiler, the combustion efficiency rises to 0.8. The boiler operates 4200 hours a year intermittently. Taking the unit cost of energy to be $4.35/10^6 Btu, determine the annual energy and cost savings as a result of tuning up the boiler.
Answer:
Energy Saved = 6.93 x 10⁹ Btu
Cost Saved = $ 30145.5
Explanation:
The energy generated by each boiler can be given by the following formula:
[tex]Annual\ Energy = (Heat\ In)(Combustion\ Efficiency)(Operating\ Hours)[/tex]
Now, the energy saved by the increase of efficiency through tuning will be the difference between the energy produced before and after tuning:
[tex]Energy\ Saved = (Heat\ In)(Efficiency\ After\ Tune - Efficiency\ Before\ Tune)(Hours)[/tex][tex]Energy\ Saved = (5.5\ x\ 3\ x\ 10^{6}\ Btu/h)(0.8-0.7)(4200\ h)[/tex]
Energy Saved = 6.93 x 10⁹ Btu
Now, for the saved cost:
[tex]Cost\ Saved = (Energy\ Saved)(Unit\ Cost)\\Cost\ Saved = (6.93\ x\ 10^{9}\ Btu)(\$4.35/10^{6}Btu)\\[/tex]
Cost Saved = $ 30145.5
QUESTION 4:
4.1
Name FOUR principles of kinetic friction
Answer:
The force of friction always acts in a direction, opposite to that in which the body is moving.
The magnitude of kinetic friction bears a constant ratio to the normal reaction between the two surfaces. ...
For moderate speeds, the force of friction remains constant.
Answer:
Explanation:Kinetic friction is a force that acts between moving surfaces. An object that is being moved over a surface will experience a force in the opposite direction as its movement. The magnitude of the force depends on the coefficient of kinetic friction between the two kinds of material.
Calculate the resistance of a lamp if the current through it is 0.4 A and the voltage across it is 8 V.
Answer:
Answer is 3.2 Ω (Ohms)
Explanation:
From Ohms Law I = V/R
R = V(I)
R = 8(0.4)
R = 3.2
The resistance of a lamp if the current through it is 0.4 A and the voltage across it is 8 V is 3.2 ohm.
What is Ohm's Law?According to Ohm's law, when all other physical parameters, including temperature, are held constant, the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.
According to Ohm's Law, the electrical current I flowing through a particular conductor is precisely proportional to the potential difference (voltage) V across its ends (assuming that the conductor's physical properties, such as its temperature and pressure, stay constant). where R is a proportionality constant.
Given:
Current, I= 0.4 A
Voltage, V= 8 V
Using Ohm's Law
V= IR
I = V/R
R = V(I)
R = 8(0.4)
R = 3.2 ohm
Hence, the resistance of a lamp if the current through it is 0.4 A and the voltage across it is 8 V is 3.2 ohm.
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You have available three blocks of different material, at various temperatures. They are, respectively, a 2 kg block of iron at 600 K, a 3 kg block of copper at 800 K and a 10 kg block of granite at 300 K. The heat capacities for the three materials are 0.460 (iron), 0.385 (copper), and 0.790 (granite), in kj/(kg*K), all independent of temperature. For solids, the heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume can be assumed to be equal, Cp=Cv. what is the minimum temperature that could be obtained in any one of the block? what is the maximum temperature that could be obtained? no heat or work interactions with the enviroment are allowed.
Answer:
max temp = 711.32 k
mini temp = 331.29 k
Explanation:
Given data:
2kg block of Iron : temperature = 600k , C = 0.460 kJ/kgk
3 kg block of copper : temp = 800k , C = 0.385 KJ /kgk
10 kg block of granite : temp = 300k , C = 0.790 KJ/kgk
Cp = Cv at constant pressure and constant volume
Determine the minimum temperature that is obtained in any one of the block
considering the heat transfer equation
Q = mC ( T2 - T1 )
attached below is a detailed solution of the problem
pls help me it’s due today
Answer:
C. 14.55
Explanation:
12 x 10 = 120
120 divded by 10 is 12
so now we do the left side
7 x 3 = 21 divded by 10 is 2
so now we have 14
and the remaning area is 0.55
so 14.55
if you are running and you fall and everyone↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ passes you how can you still be in first place??
ik the answer but lets see if you know it twooo
A contractor excavates 10,000 m3 soil at moist unit weight of 17.5 kN/m3 and moisture content of 10% from a borrow pit and transports it to a project site. The project has an area of 20,000 m2 to be filled with this compacted soil. If the required dry unit weight and moisture content of the compacted soil are 18.3 kN/m3 and 12.5% (assume there is no soil loss during transportation and compaction), what is the thickness of the compacted soil and how much water needs to be added?
Answer:
Part A
The thickness of the compacted soil is approximately 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
Part B
The weight of water to be added is approximately 19886.[tex]\overline{36}[/tex] kN, the volume of the water added is approximately 2,027.77 m³
Explanation:
The parameters of the soil are;
The volume of sol the excavator excavates, [tex]V_T[/tex] = 10,000 m³
The moist unit weight, W = 17.5 kN/m³
The moisture content = 10%
The area of the project, A = 20,000 m²
The required dry unit weight = 18.3 kN/m³
The required moisture content = 12.5%
Part A
Therefore, we have;
The moist unit weight = Unit weight = ([tex]W_s[/tex] + [tex]W_w[/tex])/[tex]V_T[/tex]
The moisture content, MC = 10% = ([tex]W_w[/tex]/[tex]W_s[/tex]) × 100
∴ [tex]W_w[/tex] = 0.1·[tex]W_s[/tex]
∴ The moist unit weight = 17.5 kN/m³ = ([tex]W_s[/tex] + 0.1·[tex]W_s[/tex])/(10,000 m³)
1.1·[tex]W_s[/tex] = 10,000 m³ × 17.5 kN/m³ = 175,000 kN
[tex]W_s[/tex] = 175,000 kN/1.1 = 159,090.[tex]\overline{09}[/tex] kN
For the required soil, we have;
The required dry unit weight = 18.3 kN/m³ = [tex]W_s[/tex]/[tex]V_T[/tex] = 159,090.[tex]\overline{09}[/tex] kN/[tex]V_T[/tex]
[tex]V_T[/tex] = 159,090.[tex]\overline{09}[/tex] kN/(18.3 kN/m³) ≈ 8,693.4923 m³
The total volume of the required soil ≈ 8,693.4923 m³
Volume [tex]V_T[/tex] = Area, A × Thickness, d
∴ d = [tex]V_T[/tex]/A
d = 8,693.4923 m³/(20,000 m²) ≈ 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
The thickness of the compacted soil ≈ 4.3467 × 10⁻¹ m
Part A
The moisture content, MC = 12.5% = ([tex]W_w[/tex]/[tex]W_s[/tex]) × 100
[tex]W_w[/tex] = [tex]W_s[/tex] × MC/100 = 159,090.[tex]\overline{09}[/tex] kN × 12.5/100 = 19886.[tex]\overline{36}[/tex] kN
The weight of water to be added, [tex]W_w[/tex] = 19886.[tex]\overline{36}[/tex] kN
Where the density of water, ρ = 9.807 kN/m³
Therefore, we have;
The volume of water, V = [tex]W_w[/tex]/ρ
∴ V = 19886.[tex]\overline{36}[/tex] kN/(9.807 kN/m³) ≈ 2027.77 m³
The volume of water, V ≈ 2027.77 m³
The alternator must be operated with the battery disconnected or with the terminals at the back of the alternator
disconnected.
True or false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
An interior beam supports the floor of a classroom in a school building. The beam spans 26 ft. and the tributary width is 16 ft. Dead load is 20 psf. Find:
a. Basic floor live load Lo in psf
b. Reduced floor live load L in psf
c. Uniformly distributed total load to the beam in lb/ft.
d. Compare the loading in part c with the alternate concentrated load requried by the Code. Which loading is more critical for bending, shear, and deflection.?
Answer:
a. [tex]L_o[/tex] = 40 psf
b. L ≈ 30.80 psf
c. The uniformly distributed total load for the beam = 812.8 ft./lb
d. The alternate concentrated load is more critical to bending , shear and deflection
Explanation:
The given parameters of the beam the beam are;
The span of the beam = 26 ft.
The width of the tributary, b = 16 ft.
The dead load, D = 20 psf.
a. The basic floor live load is given as follows;
The uniform floor live load, = 40 psf
The floor area, A = The span × The width = 26 ft. × 16 ft. = 416 ft.²
Therefore, the uniform live load, [tex]L_o[/tex] = 40 psf
b. The reduced floor live load, L in psf. is given as follows;
[tex]L = L_o \times \left ( 0.25 + \dfrac{15}{\sqrt{k_{LL} \cdot A_T} } \right)[/tex]
For the school, [tex]K_{LL}[/tex] = 2
Therefore, we have;
[tex]L = 40 \times \left ( 0.25 + \dfrac{15}{\sqrt{2 \times 416} } \right) = 30.80126 \ psf[/tex]
The reduced floor live load, L ≈ 30.80 psf
c. The uniformly distributed total load for the beam, [tex]W_d[/tex] = b × [tex]W_{D + L}[/tex] =
∴ [tex]W_d[/tex] = = 16 × (20 + 30.80) ≈ 812.8 ft./lb
The uniformly distributed total load for the beam, [tex]W_d[/tex] = 812.8 ft./lb
d. For the uniformly distributed load, we have;
[tex]V_{max}[/tex] = 812.8 × 26/2 = 10566.4 lbs
[tex]M_{max}[/tex] = 812.8 × 26²/8 = 68,681.6 ft-lbs
[tex]v_{max}[/tex] = 5×812.8×26⁴/348/EI = 4,836,329.333/EI
For the alternate concentrated load, we have;
[tex]P_L[/tex] = 1000 lb
[tex]W_{D}[/tex] = 20 × 16 = 320 lb/ft.
[tex]V_{max}[/tex] = 1,000 + 320 × 26/2 = 5,160 lbs
[tex]M_{max}[/tex] = 1,000 × 26/4 + 320 × 26²/8 = 33,540 ft-lbs
[tex]v_{max}[/tex] = 1,000 × 26³/(48·EI) + 5×320×26⁴/348/EI = 2,467,205.74713/EI
Therefore, the loading more critical to bending , shear and deflection, is the alternate concentrated load
What causes the charging system warning lamp to go out when the engine starts up?
Select one:
a. It turns off when ground is supplied to the lamp.
b. It turns off because voltage is applied to both sides of the lamp.
c. It turns off automatically after about 5 seconds.
d. It turns off because voltage is applied to one side of the bulb and ground to the other side.
I just need help on problem B
You have been hired to design a control system for a nuclear reactor. The system monitors the temperature of the reactor using sensors at two points, A & C. If the temperature at either of these points rises past a certain level the sensor will toggle high. A sudden blackout would be disruptive so an override lever, B, is installed to keep the plant running when one of the sensors are tripped until a maintenance team can come in. If both sensors trip, the plant will shut down regardless of the override lever. Assume that the output - a plant shutdown - is represented as a logic
Assume that it takes only one sensor to toggle high for the plant shutdown if the override lever is not activated. Assume B=1 indicates the override lever has been activated.
Construct the truth table for the control system.
Solution :
B A C Shutdown (V)
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
[tex]$Y = A + A\bar B \bar C+\bar A \bar B C$[/tex]
[tex]$Y = \bar B A C + BAC+ \bar B A \bar C + \bar B \bar A C$[/tex]
All of these are true about using adhesive EXCEPT:
Answer:
Except what? I'm confused
All of these are true about using adhesive except Bilateral. A bilateral contract is defined as an agreements between two parties in which each side agrees to fulfill his or her side of the bargain.
What is bilateral contract?A bilateral contract is defined as an agreements between two parties in which each side agrees to fulfill his or her side of the bargain. According to my research on the different terms used when referencing an insurance contract, I can say that all of the answers provided except for Bilateral are considered typical characteristics describing the nature of an insurance contract.
Since an insurance contract is a fund that the insurance company pays in the case of an accident in which the person is injured, there is only one party that agrees to fulfill their side of the bargain and that is the insurance company.
Therefore, All of these are true about using adhesive except Bilateral. A bilateral contract is defined as an agreements between two parties in which each side agrees to fulfill his or her side of the bargain.
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A runner ran a 600 m race in 2 min 17 seconds. Calculate his average speed in m/sec.